打字猴:1.703366738e+09
1703366738
1703366739 20J. C. Goldfarb,The Cynical Society,Chicago,I. L.:The University of Chicago Press,1991,p. 80.
1703366740
1703366741 21R. Robertson,Globalization,London:Sage,1992,pp. 5860.
1703366742
1703366743 22Ibid.,p. 8.
1703366744
1703366745 23Ibid.,pp. 2531.
1703366746
1703366747 24Ibid.,p. 58.
1703366748
1703366749 25A. P. Jarvis and A. J. Paolini,“Locating the State,”in J. A. Camilleri,et al. eds.,The State in Transition:Reimagining Political Space,Boulder,C. O.:Rienner,1995,pp. 56.
1703366750
1703366751 26R. Robertson and W. Garrett,eds.,Religion and Global Order,New York:Paragon,1991,p. xx.
1703366752
1703366753 27M. Waters,Globalization,London:Routledge,1995.
1703366754
1703366755 28A. Giddens,The Nation-State and Violence,Cambridge:Polity Press,1985,pp. 255257.
1703366756
1703366757 29A. Giddens,The Consequences of Modernity,pp. 5563.
1703366758
1703366759 30Ibid.,pp.1721.
1703366760
1703366761 31Ibid.,p. 64.
1703366762
1703366763 32M. Levy,Modernization and the Structure of Societies,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1966,pp. 11,125126,136.
1703366764
1703366765 33S. Amin,Class and Nation,New York:Monthly Review,1980. I. Wallerstein,The Modern World-System,New York:Academic,1974. S. Amin,The Modern World-System II,New York:Academic,1980.
1703366766
1703366767 34J. Burton,World Society,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1972.
1703366768
1703366769 35M. McLuhan,Understanding Media,London:Routledge,1964.
1703366770
1703366771 36丁东:《世界公民的人文底线》,载《东方》,2002年第9期。
1703366772
1703366773 第二章 从三种公民观看两种全球化
1703366774
1703366775 1Maria Renata Markus,“Decent Society and/or Civil Society,”Social Research,68:4(2001):10111030,p. 1013.
1703366776
1703366777 2Jurgen Habermas,Between Facts and Norms,trans. by William Gehg,Cambridge:Polity Press,1996,p. 367.
1703366778
1703366779 3Martin Krygier,“The Quality of Civility:Post-Anti-Communist Thoughts on Civil Society and the Rule of Law,”in A. Sajo,ed.,From and To Authoritarianism,Dordrecht,N. L.:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001,pp. 9,14.
1703366780
1703366781 4Philip Selznick,The Moral Commonwealth:Social Theory and the Promise of Community,Berkeley,C. A.:University of California Press,1992,p. 391.
1703366782
1703366783 5Ronald Beiner,“Introduction:Why Citizenship Constitutes a Theoretical Problem in the Last Decade of the Twentieth Century,”In Ronald Beiner,ed.,Theorizing Citizenship,Albany,N. Y.:State University of New York Press,1995,p. 3.
1703366784
1703366785 6早期的共和思想以亚里士多德为代表,主要表现在希腊城邦和罗马共和国的政治实践中。它着重在公民参与政治和保卫国家、公民有责的理想。16世纪,意大利的马基雅维里提出了以“美德”和“腐败”为核心概念的共和观。马基雅维里认为,在共和这个公共政治游戏中,游戏人比游戏规则更为重要。缺乏强健公民精神的国民是无法支撑共和体制,无法实现共和政治的。强健的公民精神就是马基雅维里所说的“美德”:独立的政治判断、炽热的爱国情怀、公民间的相互尊重和关怀、守纪律、讲信用和爱荣誉。共和必须由公民美德来支撑,因为共和是所有体制中最脆弱的一种。
1703366786
1703366787 来自两个方面的“腐败”随时都可能毁共和于一旦。一是来自当权者的腐败,这指的首先不是敛财受贿,而是专权。共和的本意是不同个人所属的不同阶级或不同阶层分有权力。一个人,一个阶级或政党一旦在权力上排斥或压迫他者,共和的腐败也就开始了。共和的另一个腐败来自公民。一旦公民放松对当权者的警惕,惰于思而懒于行,自顾自地得过且过,那么他们就已经在为当权者的专权腐败敞开大门。
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.703366738e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]