1703367290
1703367291
5Ibid.
1703367292
1703367293
6Jay Rosen，What Are Journalists？New Haven，C. N.：Yale University Press，1999，p. 187.
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1703367295
7Ibid.，p. 186.
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1703367297
8Ibid.
1703367298
1703367299
9Sidney Blumenthal，Pledging Allegiance，New York： Harper Collins，1990.
1703367300
1703367301
10Quoted in Paul Taylor，See How They Run，New York：Knopf，1990，p. 20.
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11David S. Broder，“Democracy and the Press，”Washington Post，January 3，1990：A15.
1703367304
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12Jay Rosen，What Are Journalists？p. 62.
1703367306
1703367307
13Ibid.，p. 62.
1703367308
1703367309
14See for example，Craig Calhoun，ed.，Habermas and the Public Sphere，Cambridge，M. A.：The MIT Press，1992. Bruce Robbins，ed.，The Phantom Public Sphere，Minneapolis： University of Minnesota Press，1993.
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1703367311
15Jay Rosen，What Are Journalists？p. 62.
1703367312
1703367313
16Ibid.，p. 201.
1703367314
1703367315
17方汉奇：《新闻史的奇情异彩》，华文出版社2000年版，第104页。
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18Jay Rosen，What Are Journalists？，p. 202.
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1703367319
19Ibid.，p. 75.
1703367320
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20Ibid.，pp. 202203.
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21Ibid.，pp. 204205.
1703367324
1703367325
22Ibid.，p. 72.
1703367326
1703367327
23Walter Lippmann，Public Opinion，1922，reprint，New York： Free Press，1965，pp. 239249. The Phantom Public，New York：Harcourt Brace，1925，p. 155.
1703367328
1703367329
24John Dewey，“Public Opinion，”New Republic，May 3，1922，p. 286.
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25John Dewey，The Later Works of John Dewey，19251953，Carbondale：Southern Illinois University Press，19811991，17，Vols. 2，pp.245246.
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26Jay Rosen，What Are Journalists，p. 67.
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27Ibid.，p. 75.
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28Tom Deluca，The Two Faces of Political Apathy，Philadelphia，P. A.： Temple University Press，1995，p. 135.
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29C. Wright Mills，The Power Elite，London：Oxford University Press，1956，p. 307.
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