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[7] 见本书第七章第372页及以下各页。
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[8] Niccolò Machiavelli,The Prince and The Discourses (New York,The Modern Library,1940),p. 15;Gaetano Mosca,The Ruling Class (New York,McGraw-Hill 1939),pp. 80 ff.;David E. Apter,The Politics of Modernization (Chicago,University of Chicago Press,1965),pp. 81 ff. 另可见S.N. Eisenstadt,“Political Struggle Bureaucratic Societies,”World Politics,9 (Oct.1956),18—19,和The Political Systems of Empires (New York,Free Press,1963),pp. 22—24。
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[9] Mosca,p. 83.
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[10] 数字引自Russett et al.,World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators 。
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[11] Rushton Coulborn,“The End of Feudalism,”in Coulborn,ed.,Feudalism in History (Hamden,Conn.,Archon Books,1965),p. 303.
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[12] Frey,“Political Development,Power and Communications,”pp. 310—311.
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[13] Apter,Modernization ,p. 104.
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[14] Bernard Lewis,The Emergence of Modern Turkey (London,Oxford University Press,1961),p. 88;Donald N. Levine,“Ethiopia:Identity,Authority,and Realism,”in Pye and Verba,eds.,Political Culture and Political Development ,p. 272;Levine,Wax and Gold (Chicago,University of Chicago Press,1965),pp. 212—213;Margery Perham,The Government of Ethiopia (London,Faber and Faber,1947),p. 76.Eisenstadt,“Political Struggle,”pp. 15—33.
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[15] 见R.R. Palmer,The Age of Democratic Revolution,Ⅰ ,pp. 373—384。
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[16] 见R.R. Palmer,The Age of Democratic Revolution,Ⅰ ,347. 楷体为原文所有。
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[17] W.E. Mosse,Alexander Ⅱ and the Modernization of Russia (London,English Universities Press,1958),pp. 69—70,131—132.
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[18] C.C. Wrigley,“The Christian Revolution in Buganda,”Comparative Studies in Society and History,2 (Oct.1959),48.
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[19] 见Lewis,Emergence of Modern Turkey,pp. 137—156。
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[20] Palmer,Democratic Revolution,Ⅰ ,381.
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[21] Lloyd Fallers,“Despotism,Status Culture and Social Mobility in an African Community,”Comparative Studies in Society and History,2 (1959),30.
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[22] Mosca,p. 81.
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[23] 见本书第二章。
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[24] Edwin O. Reischauer,The United States and Japan (rev. ed. Cambridge,Mass.,Harvard University Press,1957),p. 157.
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[25] William W. Lockwood,“Japan’s Response to the West:The Contrast with China,”World Politics,9 (1956),38—41.
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[26] Edwin O. Reischauer and John K. Fairbank,East Asia:The Great Tradition (Boston,Houghton Mifflin,1960),pp. 672—673. 罗伯特·T.霍尔特(Robert T. Holt)和约翰·E.特纳(John E. Turner)用类似的分析方法试图解释为什么英国和日本经济发展较快,而法国和中国经济发展较慢。见Robert T. Holt and John E. Turner,The Political Basis of Economic Development (Princeton,N.J.,Van Nostrand,1966),passim,but esp. pp. 233—291。
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[27] 卢安达(Ruanda)即今卢旺达,乌隆迪(Urundi)即今布隆迪。两国于1962年独立后,分别改用现名。——译者注
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[28] Albert,pp. 54—60. 另可见René Lemarcbhand,“Political Instability in Africa:The Case of Rwanda and Burundi”(unpublished paper),p. 34。关于卢旺达传统制度的一般性论述见Jacques,Maquet,The Premise of Inequality in Ruanda (London,Oxford University Press,1961)。
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[29] Albert,pp. 66—67,71—73.
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[30] New York Times,January 22,1964,p. 2,Feb. 9,1964,p. 1;Newsweek,63(Feb.24,1964),51.
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[31] Lemarchand,“Political Instability,”p. 18.
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