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[1]1987年6月10日的威尼斯峰会协议将指标的数量减少到6个。具体指标在公报里没有列示,但马尔福德对外做了披露:经济增长率、通胀率、贸易收支、政府预算、货币条件和汇率(1987年6月11日《华盛顿邮报》报道)。经由卢浮宫会议的协商,经常账户收支被从变量列表中删除了。
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[2]Paul A. Volcker,address to Columbia Business School, as quoted by Leonard Silk,New York Times,7 May 1986.
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[3]Peter T. Kilborn, New York Times,7 May 1986.
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[4]Peter T. Kilborn, New York Times,8 May 1986.
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[5]Editorial, Economist, 10 May 1986.
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[6]作者采访。
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[7]Robert D. Hershey, New York Times,7 May 1986.
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[8]关于早期指标体系提议的描述,见John Williamson,“Target Zones and Indicators as Instruments for International Economic Policy Coordination”,给二十四国集团的报告,1986年9月9日;(待印发)另参见Targets and Indicators: A Blueprint for the International Coordination of Economic Policy, Policy Analyses in International Economics 22(华盛顿:国际经济研究所,1987年9月)。在这项研究中,John Williamson和Marcus H. Miller提出一个合并指标和目标的建议。他们在计划中呼吁七国集团研究两个中间目标——国内需求增长率和真实有效汇率。根据计划,货币和财政政策将遵照三个原则执行:
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如果名义总收入的增长可能偏离各参与国名义需求增长目标的和,世界短期利率就需要调整;
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作为外汇市场干预的补充,对短期利率进行调整,将汇率波动维持在10%的目标内;
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国家财政政策要与国内需求的增长目标相协调。
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[9]“Summary of Recommendations of the Group of 24”, IMF Survey,September 1985,2.
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[10]“Summary of Recommendations of the Group of 24”, IMF Survey,September 1985,2.
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[11]Robert D. Putnam and Nicholas Bayne,Hanging Together: The Seven-Power Summits (Cambridge
:Harvard University Press, 1984), 160.
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[12]William Neikirk, Volcker: Protrait of the Money Man (New York:Congdon Press, 1987).
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[13]Hobart Rowen, Washington Post,11 May 1986.
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[14]James A. Baker III, Statement to the IMF Interim Committee, Washington,9~10 April 1986.
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[15]Richard G. Darman, Comments at Evans-Novak Political Forum, Madison Hotel, Washington, 10 April 1986.
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[16]作者采访。
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[17]作者采访。
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[18]Tomomitsu Oba,“Two focuses and accomplishments ant the Tokyo Summit”, Kinyu Zaisei Ji jo (Monetary and fiscal report),26 May 1986.
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[19]Hobert Rowen,Washington Post,4 June 1986.
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[20]Michiel Camdessus,statement to the Joint World Bank-IMF Annual Meeting,30 September 1986.
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[21]关于法国官方用词“参考区域”,参见第八章。
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[22]作者采访。
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