1703683280
[52]Jonathan Kirshner，“Currency and Coercion in the Twenty-First Century”，in David M.Andrews（ed.），International Monetary Power, p.158.
1703683281
1703683282
[53]John O’Donnell，“Austria’s Fekter says Geithner rejects transaction tax”，Reuters，16 September 2011.
1703683283
1703683284
[54]Emmanuel Farhi, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and Hélène Rey，“Reforming the Internationa Monetary System”，Centre for Economic Policy Research，19 September 2011，p.19，http：/www.cepr.org/content/reforming-intenational-monetary-system-o.
1703683285
1703683286
[55]“The International Role of the Euro”，European Central Bank, July 2012，pp.39-43，http：//www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/other/euro-international-role201207en.pdf?2567d9aa903f78e891813ec6a8d bd27b.
1703683287
1703683288
[56]Jin Zhongxia，“The future of the international monetary framework”，commentary for the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum，7 February 2013，http：//www.omfif.org/intelligence/the-commentary/2013/february/the-future-of-the-international-monetary-framework/.
1703683289
1703683290
[57]Catherine Schenk，“The Retirement of Sterling as a Reserve Currency after 1945：Lessons for the US Dollar?”，World Financial Review, May 2011，http：//www.worldfmancialreview.com/?p=511.
1703683291
1703683292
[58]Eichengreen, Exorbitant Privilege, p.32.
1703683293
1703683294
[59]Charles P.Kindleberger, The World in Depression，1929-1939.Berkeley, CA：University of California Press，1973，p.292；Jeffrey Frankel，“Historical Precedents for Internationalization of the RMB”，Council on Foreign Relations, New York, November 2011，p.3.
1703683295
1703683296
[60]Catherine Schenk，“The Retirement of Sterling as a Reserve Currency after 1945”.
1703683297
1703683298
[61]Alan M.Taylor，“The Future of Intenational Liquidity and the Role of China”，Council on Foreign Relations, CGS/IIGG Working Paper, New York, November 2011，p.7，http：//www.cfr.org/china/future-international-liquidity-role-china/p26284.
1703683299
1703683300
[62]Barry Eichengreen and Marc Flandreau，“The FederalReserve, the Bank of England and the rise of the dollar as an international currency，1914-1939”，Bank for International Settle ments, Working Paper Series, no.328，November 2010，pp.44-45，http：//ww.bis.org/pub1/work328.pdf.
1703683301
1703683302
[63]Arthur Kroeber，“China’s Global Currency：Lever for Financial Reform”，p.31.
1703683303
1703683304
[64]在20世纪80年代时期，德国马克就占了全球中央银行储备的20%；当时80%的德国出口和50%的进口都是用马克计价的。
1703683305
1703683306
[65]David Marsh, The Euro：The Battle for the New Global Currency.New Haven, CT：Yale University Press，2011，pp.166-169.
1703683307
1703683308
[66]Commission of the European Communities，“One market, one money：An evaluation of the potential benefits and costs of forming an economic and monetary union”，European Economy, no.44，October 1990.
1703683309
1703683310
[67]Comments by ECB President Mario Draghi in London，26 July 2012，http：//www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2012/html/sp120726.En.html.
1703683311
1703683312
[68]Jeffrey Frankel，“Historical Precedents for Internationalization of the RMB”，Council on Foreign Relations, New York, November 2011，p.7.
1703683313
1703683314
[69]Kati Pohjanpalo，“Euro Can Grow to 25 States in Next Years in Finnish Scenario”，Bloomberg，6 May 2013.
1703683315
1703683316
[70]Rawi Abdelal，“National Strategy and National Money, Politics and the End of the Ruble Zone 1991-1994”，in Jonathan Kirshner（ed.），Monetary Orders：Ambiguous Economics, Ubiquitous Politics.Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2003，p.101.
1703683317
1703683318
[71]Interview with the author in Riga, March 2013.
1703683319
1703683320
[72]Interview with the author in London, February 2013.
1703683321
1703683322
[73]Ibid.
1703683323
1703683324
[74]“The Intenational Role of the Euro”，European Central Bank, July 2013，p.68，http：//www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/euro-international-role201307en.pdf.Countries using the euro as a reference currency include Switzerland, which in September 2011 unilaterally announced a minimum exchange rate of 1.20 Swiss francs per euro.
1703683325
1703683326
[75]David Stasavage，“When Do States Abandon Monetary Discretion?Lessons from the Evolution of the CFA Franc Zone”，in Kirshner（ed.），Monetary Orders, p.80.
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1703683328
[76]Emmanuel Farhi, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and Hélène Rey，“Reforming the International Monetary System”，Centre for Economic Policy Research，19 September 2011，p.21，http：//www.cepr.org/content/reforming-international-monetary-system-o.
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