1703683317
1703683318
[71]Interview with the author in Riga, March 2013.
1703683319
1703683320
[72]Interview with the author in London, February 2013.
1703683321
1703683322
[73]Ibid.
1703683323
1703683324
[74]“The Intenational Role of the Euro”，European Central Bank, July 2013，p.68，http：//www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/euro-international-role201307en.pdf.Countries using the euro as a reference currency include Switzerland, which in September 2011 unilaterally announced a minimum exchange rate of 1.20 Swiss francs per euro.
1703683325
1703683326
[75]David Stasavage，“When Do States Abandon Monetary Discretion?Lessons from the Evolution of the CFA Franc Zone”，in Kirshner（ed.），Monetary Orders, p.80.
1703683327
1703683328
[76]Emmanuel Farhi, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and Hélène Rey，“Reforming the International Monetary System”，Centre for Economic Policy Research，19 September 2011，p.21，http：//www.cepr.org/content/reforming-international-monetary-system-o.
1703683329
1703683330
[77]Barry Eichengreen, Exorbitant Privilege：The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System.New York：Oxford University Press，2011，p.130.
1703683331
1703683332
[78]Ignazio Angeloni et al.，“Global currencies for tomorrow：a European perspective”，Bruegel，23 July 2011，p.99，http：//www.bruegel.org/publications/publication-detail/publication/592-global-currencies-for-tomorrow-a-european-perspective.
1703683333
1703683334
[79]Carla Norrlof, America’s Global Advantage：US Hegemony and International Cooperation.Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，2010，pp.232-246.
1703683335
1703683336
[80]Interview with Nicole Gnesotto, Fondation Robert Schuman Newsletter, no.75，1 October 2013，http：//www.robert-schuman.eu/en/doc/entretiens-d-europe/ee-75-en.pdf.
1703683337
1703683338
[81]Christian Thimann，“Global Roles of Currencies”，European Central Bank, Working Paper Series, no.1031，March 2009，p.21，http：//www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1031.pdf.
1703683339
1703683340
[82]David Marsh，“Australia, Canada dollars classified as reserve currencies”，commentary for the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum，19 November 2012，http：//www.omfif.org/intelligence/the-commentary/2012/november/australia-canada-dollars-classified-as-reserve-currenaes/.
1703683341
1703683342
[83]Brendan Kelly，“China’s Challenge to the International Monetary System：Incremental Steps and Long-Term Prospects for Internationalization of the Renminbi”，Pacific Forum CSIS, Issues and Insights, vol.9，no.11，June 2011，p.13.
1703683343
1703683344
[84]Monthly Report of the Deutsche Bundesbank, May 1988，p.22，http：//www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Downloads/Publications/Monthly_Report/1988/1988_05_monthly_report.pdf?_blob=publicationFile.
1703683345
1703683346
[85]Jonathan Kirshner，“Currency and Coercion in the Twenty-First Century”，in David M.Andrews（ed.），International Monetary Power.Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2006，pp.151-153；William W.Grimes，“Internationalization of the Yen and the New Politics of Monetary Insulation”，in Kirshner（ed.），Monetary Orders, p.189.
1703683347
1703683348
[86]Robin Harding and James Crabtree，“India takes big step to internationalise the rupee”，Financial Times，9 October 2013.
1703683349
1703683350
[87]Mariya Gordeyeva，“Kazakhstan pegs tenge to fx basket, dilutes dollar focus”，Reuters，28 August 2013.
1703683351
1703683352
[88]Speech by Zhou Xiaochuan，“Reform the International Monetary System”，23 March 2009，http：//www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/english/956/2009/20091229104425550619706/20091229104425550619706_.html.
1703683353
1703683354
[89]Guy de Jonquieres，“Is Power Really Shifting to China?”，Journal of Economic Diplomacy, January 2013，http：//eu-asiacentre.eu/pub_details.php?pub_id=84.
1703683355
1703683356
[90]Lecture by Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa，“The Ghost of Bancor：the Economic Crisis and Global Monetary Disorder”，25 February 2010，http：//www.notre-europe.eu/media/Speech-TPS-LouvainLaNeuve-25.02.2010.pdf.
1703683357
1703683358
[91]Haihong Gao and Yongding Yu，“Internationalization of the renminbi”，paper presented to a Bank of Korea-Bank for International Settlements seminar in Seoul，19-20 March 2009，P.13，http：//www.bis.org/repofficepubl/arpresearch200903.05.pdf.
1703683359
1703683360
[92]Arthur Kroeber，“China’s Global Currency：Lever for Financial Reform”，Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, Monograph Series, no.3，February 2013，p.42.
1703683361
1703683362
[93]Paola Subacchi and Helena Huang，“The Connecting Dots of China’s Renminbi Strategy：London and Hong Kong”，Chatham House Briefing Paper, September 2012，http：//www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/185765.
1703683363
1703683364
[94]Eswar Prasad and Lei Ye，“The Renminbi’s Role in the Global Monetary System”，Brookings Institution, February 2012，p.54，http：//www.brookings.edu/～/media/research/files/reports/2012/2/renminbi%20 monetary%20system%20 prasad/02_renminbi_monetary_system_prasad.pdf.
1703683365
1703683366
[95]Ibid.
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