1703683355
1703683356
[90]Lecture by Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa，“The Ghost of Bancor：the Economic Crisis and Global Monetary Disorder”，25 February 2010，http：//www.notre-europe.eu/media/Speech-TPS-LouvainLaNeuve-25.02.2010.pdf.
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1703683358
[91]Haihong Gao and Yongding Yu，“Internationalization of the renminbi”，paper presented to a Bank of Korea-Bank for International Settlements seminar in Seoul，19-20 March 2009，P.13，http：//www.bis.org/repofficepubl/arpresearch200903.05.pdf.
1703683359
1703683360
[92]Arthur Kroeber，“China’s Global Currency：Lever for Financial Reform”，Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, Monograph Series, no.3，February 2013，p.42.
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1703683362
[93]Paola Subacchi and Helena Huang，“The Connecting Dots of China’s Renminbi Strategy：London and Hong Kong”，Chatham House Briefing Paper, September 2012，http：//www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/185765.
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[94]Eswar Prasad and Lei Ye，“The Renminbi’s Role in the Global Monetary System”，Brookings Institution, February 2012，p.54，http：//www.brookings.edu/～/media/research/files/reports/2012/2/renminbi%20 monetary%20system%20 prasad/02_renminbi_monetary_system_prasad.pdf.
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[95]Ibid.
1703683367
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[96]SWIFT, Brussels, Press Release，8 October 2013，http：//www.swift.com/assets/swift_com/documents/products services/RMB_tracker_September2013.pdf.
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[97]Prasad and Ye，“The Renminbi’s Role in the Global Monetary System”，p.54；Kelly，“China’s Challenge to the International Monetary System”，p.6.
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[98]Prasad and Ye，“The Renminbi’s Role in the Global Monetary System”，p.15.
1703683373
1703683374
[99]Angeloni et al.，“Global currencies for tomorrow”，p.59.
1703683375
1703683376
[100]Brendan Kelly，“China’s Challenge to the International Monetary System”，p.22.
1703683377
1703683378
[101]Yung Chul Park and Chi-Young Song，“RMB Internationalization：Prospects and Implications for Economic Integration in East Asia”，Asia Europe Economic Forum, October 2010，p.3，http：//www.bruegel.org/fileadmin/bruegel_files/Research_contributions/AEEF_contributions/G20_Completing_the_agenda/RoundTable_YC_Park.pdf.
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[102]Ibid.，p.29.
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1703683382
[103]Brendan Kelly，“China’s Challenge to the International Monetary System”，p.23；Cohen，“The Yuan Tomorrow?Evaluating China’s Currency Intemationalization Strategy”，p.9；Masahiro Kawai and Shinji Takagi，“The Renminbi as a Key International Currency?Lessons from the Japanese Experience”，paper presented to the Asia Europe Economic Forum, Paris，10-11 January 2011，p.6.
1703683383
1703683384
[104]Barry Eichengreen，“The Renminbi Challenge”，Project Syndicate，9 October 2012，http：//www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/can-china-have-an-international-reserve-currency-by-barry-eichengreen#hhieTSc2jk1PsR35.99.
1703683385
1703683386
[105]Keiko Yoshioka，“Yi Gang：Japan, China stand to gain strategic benefits from bilateral currency cooperation”，The Asahi Shimbun，21 August 2012.
1703683387
1703683388
[106]Rudolf Richter，“European Monetary Union：Initial Situation, Alternatives, Prospects in the Light of Modern Institutional Economics”，University of Saarland Economic Series, no.9908，May 1999，http：//www.wiwi.uni-saarland.de/economics-wp/pdf/wp9908.pdf.
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1703683390
[107]现在IMF有188个成员，其中许多成员都共用同一种货币，主要的有欧元、东加勒比元以及CFA法郎。由于IMF不再公布各成员之间的汇率表，笔者在此查看了IMF的国际金融数据库。那些自身货币兑美元始终固定在官定汇率、兑美元汇率波动很小或兑美元长期呈现单向波动（例如通过缓慢升值来抵消通货膨胀影响）的国家被视为采取了盯住美元的制度。
1703683391
1703683392
[108]Richard Dobbs et al.，“An exorbitant privilege?Implications of reserve currencies for competitiveness”，Discussion Paper, McKinsey Global Institute, December 2009.MGI has suggested a figure of between 30 and 200 basis points, but even the lower figure strikes me as high.
1703683393
1703683394
[109]Philipp Hartmann, Currency Competition and Foreign Exchange Markets：The Dollar, the Yen, and the Euro.Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1998.
1703683395
1703683396
[110]Bank for International Settlements, Triennial Central Bank Survey：“Foreign exchange turnover in April 2013：preliminary global results”：September 2013，Table 2，p.10.
1703683397
1703683398
[111]Benjamin J.Cohen, The Future of Money.Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，2004.
1703683399
1703683400
[112]Arvind Subramanian, Eclipse：Living in the Shadow of China’s Economic Dominance Washington DC：Peterson Institute for International Economics，2011.
1703683401
1703683402
[113]Barry Eichengreen，“The Dollar Dilemma：The World’s Top Currency Faces Competition”，Foreign Affairs, vol.88，no.5，September/October 2009，pp.53-68.
1703683403
1703683404
[114]John Williamson，“Why SDRs Could Rival the Dollar”，Policy Brief，9-20，Peterson Institute for International Economics, September 2009.
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