打字猴:1.703725837e+09
1703725837
1703725838 参议院预算委员会(Senate Committee on the Budget),是美国国会参议院负责起草预算决议的一个委员会。当然它还承担着其他一些职责。1974年,《国会预算与截留控制法案》通过后,参议院预算委员会成了一个永久性的委员会。
1703725839
1703725840 自动削减支出(Sequestration),是在2013年3月1日生效的一系列联邦支出削减措施的组合。
1703725841
1703725842 社会保险(Social Security),社会保险计划的正式名称为老年人、遗属与残障保险计划,它是一项旨在保证老年人与无力维持生计者不至于陷入贫困的联邦计划,其资金来源是工资税。
1703725843
1703725844 补贴(Subsidy),是联邦政府直接拨付给某些个人或企业的资助,它能够降低特定活动的成本。
1703725845
1703725846 追加拨款(Supplemental Appropriation),指在正常的拨款程序之外提供拨款的立法过程。一般而言,国会之所以要通过追加拨款法案,是为了对紧急事件作出反应,比如说自然灾害,以及其他危急情况。
1703725847
1703725848 盈余(Surplus),是联邦预算中政府收入高于支出的部分。在过去半个世纪,联邦政府只在从1998年至2001年这四年间实现了预算盈余。
1703725849
1703725850 信托基金(Trust Funds),指联邦政府筹集的,只能用于法律规定的特定用途的资金。例如,工资税收入被指定为信托基金,它由联邦政府征收,用于支付社会保险计划与医疗保险计划的支出。
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1703725854
1703725855 联邦预算:美国政府怎样花钱 [:1703722859]
1703725856 联邦预算:美国政府怎样花钱 注释
1703725857
1703725858 (1) Suzanne Mettler,“Our Hidden Government Benefits,”The New York Times,September 19,2011. January 2,2012(http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/opinion/our-hidden-government-benefits.html).
1703725859
1703725860 (2) Jeffrey M. Jones,“Americans Say Federal Gov’t Wastes Over Half of Every Tax Dollar,”Gallup,September 19,2011. January 9,2012(http://www.gallup.com/poll/149543/americans-say-federal-gov-wastes-half-every-dollar.aspx).
1703725861
1703725862 (3) Ed Goeas and Nicholas Thompson,“Key Findings from National Survey,”The Terrance Group,March 1,2011. January 9,2012(www.politico.com/pdf/PPM191_poll.pdf).
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1703725864 (4) Opinion Research Corporation,“CNN Opinion Research Poll,”January 25,2011. January 9,2012(http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2011/images/01/25/rel2d.pdf).
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1703725866 (5) Merriam-Webster Dictionary,“Democracy,”January 9,2012(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy).
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1703725868 (6) Steven Kull et a1.,“How the American Public Would Deal with the Budget Deficit,”Program for Public Consultation,February 3,2012(http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/brunitedstatescanadara/677.php).
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1703725870 (7) US Government Printing Office,“Budget of the United States Government:Citizens Guide to the Federal Budget,”January 28,2010. January 9,2012(http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/citizensguide.html).
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1703725872 (8) Office of Management and Budget,“Budget of the United States Government,Fiscal Year 2013,”February 13,2012.
1703725873
1703725874 (9) Rob Crotty,“What’s In Your Wallet?”The National Archives.gov,3 November 2010. January 13,2012(http://blogs.archives.gov/prologue/?p=2376).
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1703725876 (10) Office of Management and Budget,“Analytical Perspectives,Budget of the United States Government,Fiscal Year 2012,”February 14,2011.
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1703725878 (11) US Department of the Treasury,“History of the Treasury,”January 6,2012(http://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/edu_history_brochure.aspx).
1703725879
1703725880 (12) Ibid.
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1703725882 (13) Ibid.
1703725883
1703725884 (14) Library of Congress,“Today in History:July 11.”January 10,2012(http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul11.html).
1703725885
1703725886 (15) US Department of the Treasury,“History of The Treasury,”January 6,2012(http://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/edu_history_brochure.aspx).
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