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社会保险（Social Security），社会保险计划的正式名称为老年人、遗属与残障保险计划，它是一项旨在保证老年人与无力维持生计者不至于陷入贫困的联邦计划，其资金来源是工资税。
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补贴（Subsidy），是联邦政府直接拨付给某些个人或企业的资助，它能够降低特定活动的成本。
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追加拨款（Supplemental Appropriation），指在正常的拨款程序之外提供拨款的立法过程。一般而言，国会之所以要通过追加拨款法案，是为了对紧急事件作出反应，比如说自然灾害，以及其他危急情况。
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盈余（Surplus），是联邦预算中政府收入高于支出的部分。在过去半个世纪，联邦政府只在从1998年至2001年这四年间实现了预算盈余。
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信托基金（Trust Funds），指联邦政府筹集的，只能用于法律规定的特定用途的资金。例如，工资税收入被指定为信托基金，它由联邦政府征收，用于支付社会保险计划与医疗保险计划的支出。
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联邦预算：美国政府怎样花钱 注释
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(1) Suzanne Mettler，“Our Hidden Government Benefits，”The New York Times，September 19，2011. January 2，2012（http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/opinion/our-hidden-government-benefits.html）.
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(2) Jeffrey M. Jones，“Americans Say Federal Gov’t Wastes Over Half of Every Tax Dollar，”Gallup，September 19，2011. January 9，2012（http://www.gallup.com/poll/149543/americans-say-federal-gov-wastes-half-every-dollar.aspx）.
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(3) Ed Goeas and Nicholas Thompson，“Key Findings from National Survey，”The Terrance Group，March 1，2011. January 9，2012（www.politico.com/pdf/PPM191_poll.pdf）.
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(4) Opinion Research Corporation，“CNN Opinion Research Poll，”January 25，2011. January 9，2012（http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2011/images/01/25/rel2d.pdf）.
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(5) Merriam-Webster Dictionary，“Democracy，”January 9，2012（http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy）.
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(6) Steven Kull et a1.，“How the American Public Would Deal with the Budget Deficit，”Program for Public Consultation，February 3，2012（http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/brunitedstatescanadara/677.php）.
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(7) US Government Printing Office，“Budget of the United States Government：Citizens Guide to the Federal Budget，”January 28，2010. January 9，2012（http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/citizensguide.html）.
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(8) Office of Management and Budget，“Budget of the United States Government，Fiscal Year 2013，”February 13，2012.
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(9) Rob Crotty，“What’s In Your Wallet？”The National Archives.gov，3 November 2010. January 13，2012（http://blogs.archives.gov/prologue/?p=2376）.
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(10) Office of Management and Budget，“Analytical Perspectives，Budget of the United States Government，Fiscal Year 2012，”February 14，2011.
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(11) US Department of the Treasury，“History of the Treasury，”January 6，2012（http://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/edu_history_brochure.aspx）.
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(12) Ibid.
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(13) Ibid.
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(14) Library of Congress，“Today in History：July 11.”January 10，2012（http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul11.html）.
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(15) US Department of the Treasury，“History of The Treasury，”January 6，2012（http://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/edu_history_brochure.aspx）.
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(16) O’Neill，June E.，director，Congressional Budget Office，“Congressional Budget Process，”Statement before the Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process and the Subcommittee on Rules and Organization of the House，Committee on Rules，US House of Representatives，July 13，1995. November 7，2011（http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=5500＆type=0）.
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(17) Statistical Abstract of the United States，“Historical Statistics of the United States，1789-1945，”Series P99-108，Federal Government Finances：Treasury Expenditures：1789-1945. November 18，2011（http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/HistoricalStatisticsofthe-UnitedStates1789-1945.pdf）.
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