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(201) Reuters Money,“Should Rich People Pay More for Medicare?”September 22,2011. February 19,2012(http://blogs.reuters.com/reuters-money/2011/09/22/should-rich-people-pay-more-for-medicare/).
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(202) Office of Management and Budget,“Analytical Perspectives,Budget of the United States Government,Fiscal Year 2013,”February 13,2013.
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(203) Office of Management and Budget,“Analytical Perspectives,Budget of the United States Government,Fiscal Year 2013”,Table 2-3,February 13,2012.
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(204) Office of Management and Budget,Historical Table 1.1—Summary of Receipts,Outlays,and Surpluses or Deficits:1789-2017,February 13,2012.
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(205) Office of Management and Budget,Historical Table 1.2—Summary of Receipts,Outlays,and Surpluses or Deficits as Percentages of GDP:1930-2017. February 13,2012.
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(206) Kaiser Family Foundation“U.S. Healthcare Costs,”December 1,2011(http://www.kaiseredu.org/Issue-Modules/US-Health-Care-Costs/Background-Brief.aspx).
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(207) Congressional Budget Office,“Technological Change and the Growth of Healthcare Spending.”December 1,2011(http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8947/MainText.3.1.shtml).
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(208) Kaiser Family Foundation,“Healthcare Spending in the United States and Selected OECD Countries,”April 2011. February 10,2012(http://www.kff.org/insurance/snapshot/OECD042111.cfm).
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(209) US Department of Health and Human Services,“Affordable Care Act Initiative to Lower Costs,Help Doctors and Hospitals Coordinate Care,”August 23,2011. February 7,2012(http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2011pres/08/20110823a.html).
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(210) US Census Bureau,2010 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates,Table B18135:“Age By Disability Status By Health Insurance Coverage.”
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(211) US Department of Health and Human Services,Centers for Medicare and Medicaid,2010 Actuarial Report on the Financial Outlook for Medicaid,Table 2:“2009 Estimated Enrollment,Expenditures,and Estimated per Enrollee Expenditures,By Enrollment Group,”13.(https://www.cms.gov/ActuarialStudies/downloads/MedicaidReport2010.pdf).
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(212) Pew Research Center,“Public Priorities:Deficit Rising,Terrorism Slipping,”23 Jan.2012.13 March,2012.(http://www.people-press.org/2012/01/23/section-2-iran-afghanistan-military-policy-u-s-global-image/).
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(213) Department of Defense,“Summary of the DoD Fiscal 2013 Budget Proposal,”February 13,2012(http://www.defense.gov/news/2013budget.pdf).
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(214) Department of Defense,“Remarks by Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates,”May 8,2010(http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1467).
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(215) Pew Research Center,“Rethinking Budget Cutting:Fewer Want Spending to Grow,But Most Cuts Remain Unpopular,”February 10,2011. February 27,2012(http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1889/poll-federal-spending-programs-budget-cuts-raise-taxes-state-budgets).
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(216) US Department of Education,“2013 Budget Continues Investments to Strengthen Workforce and Rebuild American Economy,”February 13,2012. February 13,2012(http://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-2013-budget-continues-investments-strengthen-workforce-a).
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(217) Ibid.
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(218) US Department of Education,“Fiscal Year 2013 Budget,Summary and Background Information,”February 2012,47. February 27,2012(http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget13/summary/13summary.pdf).
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(219) Judith L. Pace,“Why We Need to Save(and Strengthen )Social Studies,”Education Week,December 18 2007. February 27,2012(http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2007/12/19/16pace.h27.html).
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(220) Common Core State Standards Initiative,“The Standards,”January 16,2012. February 27,2013(http://www.corestandards.org/the-standards).
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联邦预算:美国政府怎样花钱 后记
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《联邦预算——美国政府怎样花钱》是一座桥梁。今天,对于华盛顿发生的一切,许多美国人都深感不满——甚至还不仅仅是不满。但是,与此同时,许多人也说,华盛顿到底在发生些什么事情,他们感到无法理解。尤其是,我们缴纳的税款到底被用到了什么地方?因此,本书是一座桥梁,使美国人由原先的不满和困惑,变成了知情并展开行动。
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从右翼的茶党运动到左翼的占领华尔街运动,许多事例都证明,普通美国人之间的一个共识是,金钱以及公司的力量对政治体系的影响已经太大了。然而,在2010年1月,美国最高法院却树立了一个令人无语的判例,它就公民联合会诉联邦选举委员会案作出的裁决无异于在原本就千疮百孔的大坝上又炸开了一个巨大的窟窿。这一判决造成的后果是灾难性的。现在,只要愿意,公司与亿万富豪尽可以将无限的钱花在支持或抹黑政治人物上面。
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