1704429057
1704429058
[110]Thierry Gongora,“War Making and State Power in the Contemporary Middle East,”International Journal of Middle East studies,Vol.29,No.3(Aug.,1997).
1704429059
1704429060
[111]Robert Theobald,“Patrimonialism,”Word Politics,Vol.34,No.4(July.,1982).
1704429061
1704429062
[112]Guenther Roth,Personal,“Rulership,Partrimonialism,and Empire-Building in the New States,”World Politics,Vol.20,No.2(Jan.,1968),Victor T. Le Vine,“African Patrimonial Regimes in Comparative Perspective,”The Journal of Modern African Studies,Vol.18,No.4(Dec.,1980),Andrew Eisenberg,“Weberian Patrimonialism and Imperial Chinese History,”Theory and Society,Vol.27,No.1(Feb.,1998).
1704429063
1704429064
[113]Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph,“Authority and Power in Bureaucratic and Patrimonial Administration:A Revisionist Interpretation of Weber on Bureaucracy,”World Politics,Vol.31,No.2(Jan.,1979).
1704429065
1704429066
[114]Edward L. Glaeser and Andrei Shleifer,“The Rise of the Regulatory State,”Journal of Economic Literature,Vol.41,No.2,(Jun.,2003),pp.401-425;Robert F. Durant and Jerome S.Legge,Jr.“Policy Design,Social Regulation and Theory Building:Lessons from the Traffic Safety Policy Arena,”Political Research Quarterly,Vol.46,No.3(Sep.,1993),pp.641-656.
1704429067
1704429068
[115]Frederick C. Irion,“The Technique of Licensing,”The Western Political Quarterly,Vo.3,No.1(Mar.,1950),pp.113-118.
1704429069
1704429070
[116]Simeon Djankov,Rafael La Porta,Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes,Andrei Shleifer,“The Regulation of Entry,”The Quarterly Jounal of Economics,Vol. CXVII,Iss.1(Feb.,2002),pp.1-37.
1704429071
1704429072
[117]新泽西州政府网页:www. state. nj. us/commerce。
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1704429074
[118]在美国,法人资格的获取和营业资格的获取分离。旨在获得法人资格的公司注册是在各州的州务卿办公室办理;此外,大多地方政府还要求获得基本或者一般营业执照地方政府设发照部门主管基本或者一般营业执照的颁发以及对违反注册和许可法规的查处,处罚一般包括罚款和(或)短时期的监禁。对于申请一般或者基本营业执照的条件,一般要求符合联邦、州以及本地的相关许可要求(实际上也是申请经营许可的前置许可)。比如,如果在内达华州开办一个座位超过50个的餐馆,办理经营许可需要申请费用45元,此外还需要为期半年的许可费4000元(此后按照半年缴纳)。
1704429075
1704429076
[119]Kenneth J. Meier,“The Political Economy of Consumer Protection:An Examination of State Legislation,”The Western Political Quarterly,Vol.40,No.2(Jun.,1987),pp. 343-359;K. Robert Keiser,“The New Regulation of Health and Safety,”Political Science Quarterly,Vol. 95,No.3(Autumn,1980),pp. 479-491;Henry G. Grabowski,John M. Vernon,“Consumer Product Safety Regulation,”The American Economic Review,Vol. 68,No.2(May,1978),pp. 284-289;Alan G.Armstrong,“Consumer Safety and the Regulation of Industry,”Managerial and Decision Economics,Vol. 2,No.2(Jun.,1981),pp.67-73.
1704429077
1704429078
[120]George J. Stigler,“The Theory of Economic Regulation,”Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science,II(Spring 1971)pp. 3-21;Michael D. Reagan,“The Politics of Regulatory Reform,”The Western Political Quarterly,Vol.36,No.1.(Mar.,1983),pp.149-167;Edward L. Glaeser and Andrei Shleifer,“The Rise of the Regulatory State,”Journal of Economic Literature,Vol.41,No.2.(Jun.,2003),pp. 401-425;William D. Berry,“An Alternative to the Capture Theory of Regulation:The Case of State Public Utility Commissions,”American Journal of Political Science Vol.28,No.3(Aug.,1984),pp. 524-558;Bruce A. Williams and Albert R. Matheny,“Testing Theories of Social Regulation:Hazardous Waste Regulation in the American States,”The Journal of Politics,Vol.46,No.2(May,1984),pp. 428-458.
1704429079
1704429080
[121]Simeon Djankov,Rafael La Porta,Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes,Andrei Shleifer,“The Regulation of Entry,”The Quarterly Jounal of Economics,Vol. CXVII,Iss.1(Feb.,2002).
1704429081
1704429082
[122]Henry G. Grabowski and Joh,M. Vernon,“Consumer Product Safety Regulation,”The American Economic Review,Vol.68,No.2(May,1978),pp.284-289;Alan G. Armstrong,“Consumer Safety and the Regulation of Industry,”Managerial and Decision Economics,Vol.2,No.2(Jun.,1981),pp.67-73;John R. Lott,Jr.“Licensing and Nontransferable Rents:Reply,”The Ameriacan Economic Review,Vol.79,No.4,(Sep.,1989),pp.910-912.
1704429083
1704429084
[123]Arthur C.,Pigou,The Economics of Welfare,4th ed.(London:Macmillan and Co.,1938);Severin Borenstein,“On the Efficiency of Competitive Markets for Operating Licenses,”The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.103,No.2(May,1988),pp.357-385.
1704429085
1704429086
[124]Simeon Djankov,Rafael La Porta,Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes,Andrei Shleifer,“The Regulation of Entry,”The Quarterly Jounal of Economics,Vol. CXVII,Iss.1(Feb.,2002),pp.1-37.
1704429087
1704429088
[125]Daron Acemoglu and Thierry Verdier,“The Choice between Market Failures and Corruption,”American Economic Review,XC(2000),pp.194-211;Abhijit Banerjee,“A Theory of Misgovernmance,”Quarterly Journal of Economics,CXIII(1997),pp.1289-1332.
1704429089
1704429090
[126]Bran J. Gerber and Paul Teske,“Regulatory Policymaking in the American States:A Review of Theories and Evidence,”Political Research Quarterly,Vol.53,No.4(Dec.,2000),pp.849-886.
1704429091
1704429092
[127]Scott Jacobs and Associates for the CCNM,“An OECD Perspective on Regulatory Reform in China,”in China in the World Economy:the Domestic Policy Challenges,OECD,2002,OECD Webpage:http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/45/57/2075272. pdf;World Bank,“Institutional and Regulatory Capacity,”World Bank webpage,http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/EXTLACREGTOPURBDEV/0,,contentMDK:20821505~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:841043,00. html#Public–Private-Partnerships-Issues-andExperiences.
1704429093
1704429094
[128]Scott Jacobs and Associates for the CCNM,“An OECD Perspective on Regulatory Reform in China,”in China in the World Economy:the Domestic Policy Challenges,OECD,2002,OECD Webpage:http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/45/57/2075272. pdf.
1704429095
1704429096
[129]Xueguang Zhou,“Occupational Power,State Capacities,and the Diffusion of Licensing in the American States:1890 to 1950,”American Sociological Review,Vol.58,No.4(Aug.,1993),pp.536-552;K. Rober Keiser,“The New Regulation of Health and Safety,”Political Science Quaerterly,Vol.95,No.3(Autumn,1980),pp.479-491.
1704429097
1704429098
[130]Melanie Manion,“Corruption by Design:Bribery in Chinese Enterprise Licensing,”The Journal of Law,Economics,&Organization,Vol.12,No.1(Jan.,1996),pp.167-194.
1704429099
1704429100
[131]参阅美国联邦、州和地方政府网页。
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1704429102
[132]1988年,中国法人营业执照和非法人营业执照分开,但是,法人注册和营业许可仍然合二为一,通过工商登记实现。
1704429103
1704429104
[133]李铁群:《徐长浩副局长访谈录——一叶知秋:从营业执照变化看企业登记管理制度改革趋势》,载《工商行政管理》,1994年第18期。
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1704429106
[134]《登记注册官制度》,载《中国工商报》,1994年2月19日。登记注册官制度实行个人负责制,受理、审查和核准三合一,促进工商登记的专业化、责任制和效率。
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