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(1) 本文原发表于《中国社会科学季刊》（香港），1995年第6期。本文及其更早的一个草稿曾分别在UCLA中国研究中心召开的“社会主义农业体制转型：苏联、东欧与中国”讨论会（上海，1993年8月）和中国农业部农村研究中心召开的“九十年代中国农村改革和发展”讨论会（北京，1993年12月）上发表。作者感谢上述两个中心的邀请，感谢MacArthur Foundation和Ford Foundation对作者参加这两次会议的财务支持。会议的讨论使作者得益匪浅，特别要感谢杜润生，Philip Huang, Kathryn Bernhardt，陈锡文，杜鹰，林毅夫（Justin Lin），刘守英和James Kung的评论和建议。在写作和修改的过程中，与宋国卿，崔之元和罗小朋的多次讨论，对作者最为重要。当然文中的论点仍由作者自己而不是由上述任何机构或个人负责。
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