1704515852
1704515853
[2]Antonin Bergeaud, Gilbert Cette, and Remy Lecat,LeBelAvenirdelacroissanceLeçons du XXème siècle pour le futur（Paris: Editions Odile Jacob, 2018）.
1704515854
1704515855
[3]Lant Pritchett,“Divergence, Big Time,”JournalofEconomicPerspectives11,no. 3（1997）:3 -17.
1704515856
1704515857
[4]Xavier Sala-i-Martin,“The World Distribution of Income: Falling Poverty and. .. Convergence, Period,”QuarterlyJournalofEconomics121, no. 2（2006）
:351 -397.
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1704515859
[5]本书第5章解释过这一指标如何构建。
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1704515861
[6]Robert M. Solow,“A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,”QuarterlyJournalofEconomics70, no. 1（1956）:65 -94.
1704515862
1704515863
[7]Robert J. Barro and Xavier Sala-i-Martin,EconomicGrowth（New York: Mc GrawHill, 1995）.
1704515864
1704515865
[8]Robert Lucas,“Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?”AmericanEconomicReview80, no. 2（1990）:92 -96.
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1704515867
[9]保罗·罗默研究了1870年以来有数据可查的11个经合组织国家的情况。See Paul M. Romer,“Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,”JournalofPoliticalEconomy94, no. 5（1986）
:1002 -1037.
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1704515869
[10]David Coe and Elhanan Helpman,“International R&D Spillovers,”EuropeanEconomicReview39, no. 5（1995）
:859 -887.
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1704515871
[11]Philippe Aghion, Antonin Bergeaud, Timothee Gigout, Matthieu Lequien, and Marc Melitz,“Spreading Knowledge Across the World: Innovation Spillover through Trade Expansion,” unpublished manuscript, March 2019, https: //scholar. harvard. edu/ files/ aghion/ files/ spreading_knowledge_across_the_world. pdf.
1704515872
1704515873
[12]Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, and Fabrizio Zilibotti,“Distance to Frontier,Selection, and Economic Growth,”Journal of the European Economic Association4, no. 1（2006）:37 -74.
1704515874
1704515875
[13]Jerome Vandenbussche, Philippe Aghion, and Costas Meghir,“Growth, Distance to Frontier and Composition of Human Capital,”JournalofEconomicGrowth11,no. 2（2006）:97 -127.
1704515876
1704515877
[14]Philippe Aghion, Matthias Dewatripont, Caroline Hoxby, Andreu Mas-Colell, and André Sapir,“The Governance and Performance of Universities: Evidence from Europe and the US,”EconomicPolicy25, no. 61（2010）:7 -59.
1704515878
1704515879
[15]前沿企业是靠近技术前沿的企业，其生产率接近所在产业的领先水平。
1704515880
1704515881
[16]Fabrizio Zilibotti,“Growing and Slowing Down Like China,”JournaloftheEuropean Economic Association15, no. 5（2017）
:943 -988.
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1704515883
[17]See Zilibotti,“Growing and Slowing Down Like China.”
1704515884
1704515885
[18]Boubacar Diallo and Wilfried Koch,“Bank Concentration and Schumpeterian Growth: Theory and International Evidence,”ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics100, no. 3（2018）
:489 -501.
1704515886
1704515887
[19]Verluise, Cyril and Antonin Bergeaud（2019）,“The International Diffusion of Technology: a New Approach and Some Facts,” mimeo, College de France, 2019。自动专利图景方法可参阅: Abood, Aron and Dave Feltenberger（2018）,“Automated patent landscaping,”ArtificialIntelligenceandLaw, 26（2）, pp.103 -125。
1704515888
1704515889
[20]Chang T. Hsieh and Pete Klenow,“Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India,”QuarterlyJournalofEconomics124, no. 4（2009）
:1403 -1448.
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1704515891
[21]Chang T. Hsieh and Pete Klenow,“The Life Cycle of Plants in India and Mexico,”QuarterlyJournalofEconomics129, no. 3（2014）
:1035 -1084.
1704515892
1704515893
[22]Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, and Michael Peters,“Lack of Selection and Limits to Delegation: Firm Dynamics in Developing Countries” （NBER Working Paper No. 21905, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, January 2016）.
1704515894
1704515895
[23]本节内容基于以下研究: Philippe Aghion, Sergei Guriev, and Kangchul Jo,“Chaebols and Firm Dynamics in Korea,” CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP13825, Center for Economic Policy Research, London, June 2019.
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[24]Aghion, Guriev, and Jo,“Chaebols and Firm Dynamics in Korea”，该研究截至2003年，因为有数据可查的期间为1992—2003年。韩国的全要素生产率增速在2003年后放缓，这与其他发达国家的趋势（见第6章）基本同步。另外，或许是因为财阀企业后来重新掌握了权力。
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1704515901
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