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6 见 Gale on Easements,13th ed.M.Bowles(London:Sweet &Maxwell,1959)237—239。
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7 见 Fountainbleu Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five,Inc,,114 So.2d 357(1959)。
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8 Sturges v. Bridgttlan,1 Ch. D.852(1879).
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9 听诊就是用耳朵或听诊器来听,以判断病情。
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10 注意,在顾及改变生产方法、地理位置和生产性质等之后,需要考虑的问题是收入的变化。
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11 Cooke v. Forbes,5 L.R.-Eq.166(1867—1868).
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12 Bryant v. Lefeven4 C.P.D.172(1878一1879).
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13 Bass v. Gregory,25 Q.B.D.481.(1890)
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14 人们也许要问,为什么在糖果制造商一案中不适用被遗忘的授权,该制造商使用研钵已有60多年。回答是,直到医生在花园尽头建造诊所之前,不存在任何侵害。因此,侵害并没有持续多年。确实*糖果制造商在其诳词中提到,“大约30年前,一个病妇曾在这个房子中住过一段时间,要求他有可能的话,在早晨8点前停止使用研钵”。而且,有证据表明,花园墙壁易受震动影响。但法院对付这一论点毫不费力:“……尽管震动存在,但很轻,而且病妇的抱怨(如果可以称之为抱怨的话)微不足道,以至于……对被告的行为不产生任何法律的或衡平法的诉讼”(11Ch.D.863)。这就是说,在医生建诊所之前,糖果制造商并没有造成侵害。
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15 见《企业的性质》。
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16 有关理由在我早期的论文中已作了阐述,参见《企业的性质》。
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17 See William L.Prosser,Handbook of the Law of Tortst 2nd ed.(St.Paul,Minn.:West Publishing Co.,1995),398~399,412.所引用的有关制造蜡烛的古老案例取之于Sir Jame sFitzjames Stephen,A General View of the Criminal Laiv of England,2nd ed,(London:Macmillan&Ca,1890),106。斯蒂芬爵士没提到这一点,也许他已熟记Rex.v.Ronkett,included in Warren A.Seavey,Keeton,and Thurston,Cases and Materials on the Law of Torts(StPaul,Minn.:West Publishing Co.,1950),604。类似普罗瑟的观点,可参见Fowler V. Harperand FlemingJames,Jr.,The Law of Torls,2nd ed.(Boston:Little,Brown,1956),67—74;Restatement,Torts§§826,827,and 828。
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18 见Sir Percy H.Winfield,Winfieldon Torts,6th ed.byT.E.Lewis(London: Sweet&.Maxwell,1954);JohnW.Salmond,Salmond on the Law of Torts,12th ed by R.F.V. Heuston(London:Sweet&Maxwell,1957),181—190;Harry Street,The Law of Torts,2nd ed(London:Butterworth,1959),221—229。
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19 Attorney General v. Doughty,2 Ves. Se.453,28Eng. Rep.290(Ch,1752).比较Prosser,Law of Torts,413,n.54所引的美国法官马斯曼诺的话没有烟尘,匹兹堡仍将是一个相当小的村子。”参见Versailles Borough v. McKessport Coa lCoke Co.,83 Pitts.Leg.J.379,385,1935。
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20 Webb v. Bird,10C.B.(N.S.)268,142Eng.Rep.445(1861);13 C.B。(N.S.)841,143 Eng.Rep.332(1863).
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21 见Gale on Easements,238,n.6。
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22 11 ChD.865(1879)
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23 Salmond,Law of Torts,182
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24 C.M.Haar,Landr-Use Planning,A Case book on the Use,Misuse,and Re-use of Urban Land(Boston:Little,Browht 1959),95.
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25 例如参见Rushmer v.Polsue and Alfieri,Ltd.(1906)1 Ch.234,它涉及房子在噪声区的安静环境的案例。
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26 Adams v. Urseil(1913)l Ch.269.
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27 Andreae v.Selfridgeand Company Ltd(193^8)1 Ch,1.
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28 John Anthony Hardinge Giffard,3rd Earl of Halsbury,ed,“Public Authorities and Public Officers,”Halsbury’s Laws of England,vol.30,3rd ed(London:Butterworth,1960),690—691.
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29 See Prosser,Law of Torts,421;Harper and Jamest Law of Torts,86—87.
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30 Delta Air Corporation v. Kersey,Kersey v. City of Altanta,Supreme Court of Georgia,193Ga.862,20S.E. 2d 245(1942).
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