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7 Paul A. Samuelson , Foundations of Economic Analysis(Cam – brdge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1947), 238.
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8 同上书,251.
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9 见 Samuelson, Collected Scientific Papers, 3
:35.
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10 同上书,36。
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11 同上书,36。
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12 Stanislaw Wellisz, “On External Diseconomics and Government – assisted Invisible Hand”, Rcinomica, n. s. ,31(Novernber 1964): 345 – 362.
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13 Donald H. Regan, “The Problen of Socst Revisited”, Journal of Law and Economics 15, no. 2(October 1972): 427 – 437.
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14 Gerald E. Auten ,”Discussion”. 载 Steven A. Y. Lin, Theory anf Measurement of Economic Externalities(New York: Academic Press,1976) , 38.
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15 即《社会成本问题》。——译者注
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16 Coase, “Federal Communications Commission”, 25.
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17 Stigler, Theory of Price, 113.
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18 Richard O. Zerbe, Jr. , “The Problren of Social Cost: Fifteen Years Later”, 载Theory and Measurement of Economic Externalities, 33。
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19 Agnar Sandmo,”Anomaly and Stability in the Theory of Externali – ties”, Quartetly Journal of Econmics 94, no. 4(June 1980): 799.
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20 William J. Baumol, “On Taxation and the Control of External – ities”, American Economic Review 62, no. 3(June 1972)
:307—322.
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21 见《社会成本分析》。
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22 Baumol,”On Taxation”, 312.
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23 同上,309。
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24 见《社会成本分析》。
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25 Baumol, “On Taxation”, 312.
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26 同上,318.
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企业、市场与法律 7.经济学中的灯塔1
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Ⅰ. 导论
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灯塔出现在经济学家的著作中,是因为它可能有助于理解政府的经济功能问题。它常被作为必须由政府提供而不是由私人企业提供的物品的一个例子。经济学家们似乎通常认为,由于不可能向受益于灯塔的船只的所有者收取可靠的费用,任何私人或企业建造和维修灯塔就不可能盈利。
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