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1704605054
18 R. D. Putnam, 2016, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster), 7.
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1704605056
19 R. J. Gordon, 2016, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 503.
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20 R. A. Dahl, 1961, Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press), 1.
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21 N. McCarty, K. T. Poole, and H. Rosenthal, 2016, Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 2.
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1704605062
22 L. M. Bartels, 2016, Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 1.
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23 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, “Social Expenditure—Aggregated Data,” accessed December 22, 2018, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SOCX_AGG.
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24 McCarty, Poole, and Rosenthal, 2016, Polarized America, 4.
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25 出处同上。
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26 Bartels, 2016, Unequal Democracy, 2.
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27 出处同上，209。
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1704605074
28 M. Geewax, 2005, “Minimum Wage Odyssey: A Yearlong View from Capitol Hill and a Small Ohio Town,” Trenton Times, November 27.
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29 Bartels, 2016, Unequal Democracy, chapter 7.
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30 G. Lordan and D. Neumark, 2018, “People versus Machines: The Impact of Minimum Wages on Automatable Jobs,” Labour Economics 52 ( June): 40–53.
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31 A. J. Cherlin, 2013, Labor’s Love Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Working-Class Family in America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation), 93 and 143.
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1704605082
32 R. D. Putnam, 2004, in Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society, ed. R. D. Putnam (New York: Oxford University Press).
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1704605084
33 H. S. Farber, D. Herbst, I. Kuziemko, and S. Naidu, 2018, “Unions and Inequality over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data (Working Paper 24587, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
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1704605086
34 T. Piketty, 2018, “Brahmin Left vs. Merchant Right: Rising Inequality and the Changing Structure of Political Conflict,” (working paper, Paris School of Economics).
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35 关于跨地区的政治两极化，参见D. S. Massey, J. Rothwell, and T. Domina, 2009, “The Changing Bases of Segregation in the United States,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 626 (1): 74–90。
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1704605090
36 A. Goldstein, 2018, Janesville: An American Story (New York: Simon & Schuster), 26–27.
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37 出处同上。
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38 D. C. Mutz, 2018, “Status Threat, Not Economic Hardship, Explains the 2016 Presidential Vote,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (19): 4338.
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39 M. Lamont, 2009, The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
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40 Cherlin, 2013, Labor’s Love Lost, 53.
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41 A. E. Clark and A. J. Oswald, 1996, “Satisfaction and Comparison Income,” Journal of Public Economics 61 (3): 359–81; A. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2005, “Income and Well-Being: An Empirical Analysis of the Comparison Income Effect,” Journal of Public Economics 89 (5–6): 997–1019; E. F. Luttmer, 2005, “Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (3): 963–1002.
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42 Cherlin, 2013, Labor’s Love Lost, 170.
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