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39 G. Hubbard, 2014, “Tax Reform Is the Best Way to Tackle Income Inequality,” Washington Post, January 10.
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40 关于劳动所得税收抵免的概述，参见A. Nichols and J. Rothstein, 2015, “The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)” (Working Paper 21211, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA)。
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41 R. Chetty, N. Hendren, P, Kline, and E. Saez, 2014, “Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (4): 1553–623.
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42 L. Kenworthy, 2012, “It’s Hard to Make It in America: How the United States Stopped Being the Land of Opportunity,” Foreign Affairs 91(November/December): 97.
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43 M. M. Kleiner, 2011, “Occupational Licensing: Protecting the Public Interest or Protectionism?” (Policy Paper 2011–009, Upjohn Institute, Kalamazoo, MI).
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44 关于壮年男性的职业许可和失业情况，参见B. Austin, E. L. Glaeser, and L. Summers, forthcoming, “Saving the Heartland: Place-Based Policies in 21st Century America,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity。
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45 B. Fallick, C. A. Fleischman, and J. B. Rebitzer, 2006, “Job-Hopping in Silicon Valley: Some Evidence Concerning the Microfoundations of a High-Technology Cluster,” Review of Economics and Statistics 88 (3): 472–81.
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46 R. J. Gilson, 1999, “The Legal Infrastructure of High Technology Industrial Districts: Silicon Valley, Route 128, and Covenants Not to Compete,” New York University Law Review 74 (August): 575.
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47 S. Klepper, 2010, “The Origin and Growth of Industry Clusters: The Making of Silicon Valley and Detroit,” Journal of Urban Economics 67 (1): 15–32.
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48 T. Berger and C. B. Frey, 2017b, “Regional Technological Dynamism and Noncompete Clauses: Evidence from a Natural Experiment,” Journal of Regional Science 57 (4): 655–68.
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49 E. Moretti, 2012, The New Geography of Jobs (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), 158–65.
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50 C. T. Hsieh and E. Moretti, forthcoming, “Housing Constraints and Spatial Misallocation,” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.
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51 M. Rognlie, 2014, “A Note on Piketty and Diminishing Returns to Capital,” unpublished manuscript, http://mattrognlie.com/piketty_diminishing_returns.pdf.
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52 参见E. L. Glaeser and J. Gyourko, 2002, “The Impact of Zoning on Housing Affordability (Working Paper 8835, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA)；E. L. Glaeser, 2017, “Reforming Land Use Regulations” (Report in the Series on Market and Government Failures, Brookings Center on Regulation and Markets, Washington)。
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53 R. Chetty, N. Hendren, and L. F. Katz, 2016, “The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment,” American Economic Review 106 (4): 855–902.
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54 关于地区和成为发明家的可能性，参见Bell et al., 2017, “Who Becomes an Inventor in America?,” and 2018, “Lost Einsteins”。
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55 C. T. Hsieh and E. Moretti, 2017, “How Local Housing Regulations Smother the U.S. Economy, New York Times, September 6.
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56 D. Etherington, 2018, “Hyperloop Transportation Technologies Signs First Cross-State Deal in the U.S.,” TechCruch, https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/15/hyperloop-transportation-technologies-signs-first-cross-state-deal-in-the-u-s/?guccounter=1.
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57 M. Busso, J. Gregory, and P. Kline, 2013, “Assessing the Incidence and Efficiency of a Prominent Place-Based Policy,” American Economic Review 103 (2): 897–947.
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58 关于田纳西河谷管理局的更多信息，参见 P. Kline and E. Moretti, 2013, “Local Economic Development, Agglomeration Economies, and the Big Push: 100 Years of Evidence from the Tennessee Valley Authority,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (1): 275–331。
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59 E. Moretti, 2004, “Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data,” Journal of Econometrics 121 (1–2): 175–212.
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60 S. Liu, 2015, “Spillovers from Universities: Evidence from the Land-Grant Program,” Journal of Urban Economics 87 (May): 25–41.
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61 K. K. Charles, E. Hurst, and M. J. Notowidigdo, 2016, “The Masking of the Decline in Manufacturing Employment by the Housing Bubble,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 30 (2): 179–200.
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