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［10］Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971), and G. Stigler, “Theory of Economic Regulation,” Bell Journal of Economics 2 (1971): 3-21。
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［11］有三位杰出的经济学家对这项研究有过贡献，并仍然活跃在研究领域，包括Sam Peltzman (“Toward a More General Theory of Regulation,” Journal of Law and Economics 19, no. 2 \[1976］ : 211-240)，Richard Posner (“Taxation by Regulation,” Bell Journal of Economics 2 \[1971］ : 22-50)，Gary Becker (“A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence,” Quarterly Journal of Finance 98, no. 3 \[1983］ : 371-400)。
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［12］1997年的数据来自The Taxi and Limousine Commission. www.schallerconsult.com/taxi/intro.htm。
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［13］理性无知的术语来自Anthony Downs的著作An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957)。
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［14］对这些观点的扩展，参见R. Rajan and L. Zingales, “The Tyranny of Inequality: An Inquiry into the Adverse Consequences of Power Struggles,” Journal of Public Economics 76 (2000): 521-558。
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［15］Randall Morck, David Strangeland, and Bernard Young, “Inherited Wealth, Corporate Control, and Economic Growth: The Canadian Disease?” in Concentrated Capital Ownership, ed. R. K. Morck (Chicago: UOF Press, 2000), 347.
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［16］Tarun Khana and Krishna Palepu, “Is Group Affiliation Profitable in Emerging Markets?” Journal of Finance 55, no. 2 (2000)
:867-891.
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［17］Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez de Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, “The Regulation of Entry,” NBER working paper no. 7892, 2000.
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［18］这种负相关关系在统计上是显著的，在排除人均GDP的影响后的回归分析表明该相关关系依然存在。
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第8章
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［1］Rondo Cameron, Banking in the Early Stages of Industrialization (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), 102.
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［2］同上，第103页。
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［3］同上，第104～106页。
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［4］Rondo Cameron, France and the Economic Development of Europe, 1800-1914 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961), 84;David Landes, “French Entrepreneurship and Industrial Growth in the Nineteenth Century,” The Journal of Economic History 9, no. 1 (May 1949), 45-61.
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［5］Cameron, France and the Economic Development of Europe, 86, 98, 99.
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［6］同上，第100页。也可参见Niall Ferguson, The House of Rothschild: The World’s Banker 1849-1999 (New York: Viking, 1999), 61.
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［7］同上，第103页。
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［8］Cameron, Banking in the Early Stages of Industrialization, 105； Ferguson, The House of Rothschild, 62-64.
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［9］同上； Cameron, France and the Economic Development of Europe, 106.
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［10］Ferguson, The House of Rothschild, 82-87.
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［11］Cameron, Banking in the Early Stages of Industrialization, 104.
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［12］同上，130.
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［13］Elizabeth Plautet, The Role of Banks in Monitoring Firms: The Case of Credit Mobilier (New York: Routledge, 1999), 14.
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［14］Ferguson, The House of Rothschild, 86-87.
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［15］The more it changes, the more it is the same thing.
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