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福利国家制度(welfare state)是一个泛称,描述确保一国内所有居民的医疗保健、教育和社会保障的一组制度。
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零工时合同(zero-hours contract)是不保证最低工作时数的一种雇佣合同;工人必须随时待命,但雇主不必向他们提供任何工作,也不必因随时待命而支付费用。
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不平等,我们能做什么 注释
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引言
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[1]Pew Research Global Attitudes Project,http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/10/16/middle-easterners-see-religious-and-ethnic-hatred-as-top-global-threat/.
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[2]George Santayana,The Life of Reason,or,The Phases of Human Progress,vol. 1: Introduction and Reason in Common Sense (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons,1905).
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[3]譬如,《欧洲之友》(Friends of Europe)的报告有力地证明了应该将对教育和培训的投资纳入广泛的社会投资策略里。参见Unequal Europe: Recommendations for a More Caring EU (Brussels: Friends of Europe,2015)。
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[4]Stella Gibbons,Cold Comfort Farm (London: Allen Lane,1932),第xi页。小说的封面称这本书描写了“极其无聊的故事”:本书的参考书目可能也是如此。后面的尾注仅限于提供进一步的解释、关于证据来源的指引和参考文献。然而,应该指出的是,韦氏词典对“一派胡言”(flapdoodle)这个词语给出的例句恰好是“这个演讲里尽是对经济的‘一派胡言’”。
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第1章 大背景
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[1]Richard Tawney,Equality (London: Allen and Unwin,1964,first published 1931): 46-47; and John Roemer,Equality of Opportunity (Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press,1998).
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[2]Ravi Kanbur and Adam Wagstaff,“How Useful Is Inequality of Opportunity as a Policy Construct?” ECINEQ Working Paper 338 (2014): 1-18,quote p. 5.
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[3]Joseph E. Stiglitz,The Price of Inequality (London: Allen Lane,2012); and Kate Pickett and Richard Wilkinson,The Spirit Level,rev. ed. (London: Penguin,2010).
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[4]这句话来源于Nolan McCarty、Keith T. Poole和Howard Rosenthal所著Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches (Cambridge,MA: MIT Press,2006)的副标题。
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[5]在英国皇家经济学会的125周年庆典上,Dalton的文章(Hugh Dalton,“The Measurement of the Inequality of Incomes,”Economic Journal30 \[1920\]: 348-361)被选为当时Economic Journal发表的最优秀的文章之一。请参见Anthony B. Atkinson and Andrea Brandolini,“Unveiling the Ethics behind Inequality Measurement: Dalton’s Contribution to Economics,” Economic Journal 125 (forthcoming,2015).
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[6]Amartya Sen,On Economic Inequality (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1973),16.
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[7]Rawls,A Theory of Justice,92.
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[8]Plato,The LawsV.744e (New York: Dutton,1960),quote p. 127。这条参考书目来源于Ray C. Fair,“The Optimal Distribution of Income,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 85 (1971): 551-579,quote p. 552。
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[9]Rawls,A Theory of Justice,92.
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[10]Amartya Sen,The Idea of Justice (London: Allen Lane,2009),66.
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[11]Amartya Sen,Development as Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press,1999) .
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[12]参见联合国发展署网站: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi。
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[13]请参见人类发展和能力协会(Human Development and Capability Association)的网站了解更多关于可行能力法的内容: https://hd-ca.org/。
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[14]Anthony B. Atkinson,“Bringing Income Distribution in from the Cold,” Economic Journal 107 (1997): 297-321
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