打字猴:1.704628806e+09
1704628806 ［49］Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez，“Income and Wage Inequality in the United States，1913-2002,” in Atkinson and Piketty，Top Incomes，quote p. 153.
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1704628808 ［50］Jon Bakija，Adam Cole，and Bradley T. Heim，“Jobs and Income Growth of Top Earners and the Causes of Changing Income Inequality: Evidence from U.S. Tax Return Data,” Williams College Department of Economics Working Paper，2010-22 (revised 2012).
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1704628810 ［51］Alfred Marshall，Principles of Economics，8th ed. (London: Macmillan，1920).
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1704628812 ［52］Thomas Lemieux，W. Bentley MacLeod，and Daniel Parent，“Performance Pay and Wage Inequality,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (2009): 1-49.
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1704628814 ［53］Hacker and Pierson，“Winner-Take-All Politics,” p. 203.
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1704628816 ［54］Hacker and Pierson，“Winner-Take-All Politics,” p. 192.
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1704628818 ［55］Facundo Alvaredo，Anthony B. Atkinson，Thomas Piketty，and Emmanuel Saez，“The Top 1 Per Cent in International and Historical Perspective,”Journal of Economic Perspectives 27 (2013): 3-20，表1。美国的数据来源于Christoph Lakner，“Wages，Capital and Top Incomes: The Factor Income Composition of Top Incomes in the USA，1960-2005,” forthcoming。Rolf Aaberge，Anthony B. Atkinson，Sebastian Knigs和Christoph Lakner还对比了美国数据和挪威数据，请参见Rolf Aaberge，Anthony B. Atkinson，Sebastian Knigs and Christoph Lakner，“Wages，Capital and Top In comes,” forthcoming。劳动收入的定义为工资、养老金与2/3营业（自营）收入之和。
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1704628820 ［56］John Kay and Mervyn King，The British Tax System (Oxford: Oxford University Press，1980)，quote p. 59.
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1704628822 ［57］对于男性是这样的，但对于女性却不一定。如果我们观察一下收入的前1%，就会看到女性的比例严重偏低。譬如在加拿大，2010年1%最高收入人群中只有21%是女性（Statistics Canada，“High-Income Trends among Canadian Taxfilers，1982 to 2010,” release 28 January 2013）。在英国，2011年该比例为17%（Anthony B. Atkinson，Alessandra Casarico，and Sarah Voitchovsky，“Top Incomes and the Glass Ceiling,” forthcoming）。男性和女性之间存在明显的“玻璃天花板”。
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1704628824 第4章 技术变革与抗衡力量
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1704628826 ［1］“The Future of Jobs: The Onrushing Wave,” Briefing，Economist, 18 January 2014.
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1704628828 ［2］John M. Keynes，“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren,” originally published in The Nation and Athenaeum (11 and 18 October，1930)，reprinted in Essays in Persuasion (London: Macmillan，1933)，part V，ch. 2.
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1704628830 ［3］McKinsey roundtable discussion，“Automation，Jobs，and the Future of Work,” December 2014，edited transcript.
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1704628832 ［4］Remarks by Hunter Rawlings，quoted in American Academy of Arts and Sciences，Restoring the Foundation (Cambridge，MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences，2014)，quote p. 10.
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1704628834 ［5］Mariana Mazzucato，The Entrepreneurial State (London: Anthem Press，2014)，quote pp. 96 and 101.
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1704628836 ［6］Mazzucato，The Entrepreneurial State，quote p. 193.
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1704628838 ［7］Steven Johnson，How We Got to Now (New York: Riverhead Press，2014)，quote p. x.
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1704628840 ［8］Office of Science and Technology Policy，American Competitiveness: Leading the World in Innovation (Washington，D.C.: Domestic Policy Council，2006)，quote p. 4.
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1704628842 ［9］William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen，Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma (New York: Twentieth Century Fund，1966).
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1704628844 ［10］William J. Baumol，The Cost Disease: Why Computers Get Cheaper and Health Care Doesn’ t (New Haven: Yale University Press，2012).
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1704628846 ［11］在本书中，我并没有详细探讨对人力资本投资的需求，因为这个问题尤其在考虑幼儿教育时会非常复杂。参见，如James J. Heckman 2014年12月10日在白宫幼儿教育峰会上的演讲“Going Forward Wisely”，芝加哥大学Center for the Economics of Human Development。
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1704628848 ［12］Quaker Faith and Practice: The Book of Christian Discipline of the Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (London: Quaker Books，1995)，quoted paragraph 23.57.
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1704628850 ［13］Milton Friedman，“The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970.
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1704628852 ［14］Kenneth J. Arrow，“Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency,” Public Policy 21 (1973): 303-318，quote pp. 313 and 314.
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1704628854 ［15］Website of MBA Oath: http://mbaoath.org/.
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