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［35］乐施会博客, “Number of Billionaires Doubled since Financial Crisis as Inequality Spirals Out of Contro” http://www.oxfam.org.uk/blogs/2014/10/number-of-billionaires-doubled-since-financial-crisis-as-inequality-spirals-out-of-control,29 October 2014.
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［36］Piketty, Capital,quote p. 515.
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［37］Groupe de Travail sur les nouvelles contributions financières internationales,Rapportà Monsieur Jacques Chirac, Président de la République, Paris, December 2004.pp
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［38］Piketty, Capital,quote p. 525.
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［39］Richard A. Musgrave and Peggy B. Musgrave, Public Finance in Theory and Practice, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill,1989), quote p. 373.
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［40］George F. Break and Joseph A. Pechman, Federal Tax Reform (Washington,D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1975),quote p.78.
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第8章 人人享有社会保障
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［1］Ive Marx, Brian Nolan, and Javier Olivera, “The Welfare State and Anti-PovertyPolicy in Rich Countries,” in Anthony B. Atkinson and Franois Bourguignon,Handbook of Income Distribution, vol. 2B (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015), 2063-2139, quote p. 2081.
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［2］Anthony B. Atkinson, “What Is Happening to the Distribution of Income inthe UK?” Proceedings of the British Academy 82 (1993): 317-351.
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［3］Michael Brewer, Emmanuel Saez, and Andrew Shephard, “Means-Testingand Tax Rates on Earnings,” in Stuart Adam et al., Dimensions of Tax Design
:Mirrlees Review, vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 90-173, quotep. 143.
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［4］European Commission, The Social Situation in the European Union 2008 (Brussel
:Directorate-General for Employment,Social Affairs and Capital Opportunities，2009), quote p. 45.
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［5］Manos Matsaganis, Alari Paulus, and Holly Sutherland, “The Take-Up of Social Ben e fits,” Research Note, European Observatory on the Social Situation,2008, quote pp. 3-4.
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［6］Dean Plueger, “Earned Income Tax Credit Participation Rate for the Tax Year 2005,” IRS Research Bulletin 500 (2009): 151-195, quote p. 179.
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［7］Brian Abel-Smith and Peter Townsend,The Poor and the Poorest: A New Analysis of the Ministry of Labour’s Family Expenditure Surveys of 1953-54 and 1960(London: Bell, 1965).
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［8］HM Revenue and Customs, Child Benefit, Child Tax Credit, and Working Tax Credit (London: HM Revenue and Customs, 2012), quote p. 13.
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［9］Clair Vickery, “The Time-Poor: A New Look at Poverty,” Journal of Human Resources 12 (1977): 27-48; and Anthony B. Atkinson, Poverty in Europe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998).
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［10］Michael E. Rose, The Relief of Poverty, 1834-1914 (London: Macmillan, 1972),quote pp. 63-64.
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［11］Lord Beveridge, Social Insurance and Allied Services (London: HMSO Cmd 6404, 1942), quote p. 12.
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［12］James J. Heckman, “Going Forward Wisely,” Speech to the White House Early Childhood Education Summit, 10 December, 2014, Center for the Economics of Human Development, University of Chicago.
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［13］Timothy M. Smeeding and Jane Waldfogel, “Fighting Child Poverty in the United States and United Kingdom: An Update,” Fast Focus no. 8 (2010): 1-5, quote p. 2.
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［14］HMRC, Child Benefit Statistics: Geographical Analysis August 2013, quote p. 7.
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［15］James A. Mirrlees, “An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation,”Review of Economic Studies 38 (1971): 175-208.
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［16］See Rolf Aaberge, Ugo Colombino, and Steinar Strom, “Do More Equal Slices Shrink the Cake? An Empirical Investigation of Tax-Transfer Reform Proposals in Italy,” Journal of Population Economics 17 (2004): 767-785; and, for Norway,Rolf Aaberge and Ugo Colombino, “Using a Microeconometric Model of Household Labour Supply to Design Optimal Income Taxes,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 115 (2013): 449-475.
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［17］此外，我们应该谨慎地使用“选择”一词；无子女也有可能不是一种“选择”。
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［18］Amelia Hill, “Cash-Strapped Parents Choosing to Have Only One Baby, Survey Finds,” The Guardian, 31 October 2014.
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