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图7.2
:Income shares are from the World Top Incomes Database,http://topincomes.gmond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/,downloaded 15 October 2014.Top marginal retention rate data are from Alvaredo et al.,“The Top 1 Per Cent,” Figure 4,with new data added for Denmark supplied by Jakob Sgaard (the Danish tax rate for the earlier period is taken as that for 1967,in view of the major tax reform in 1966).The data start later for Ireland (1975),Italy (1974),Portugal (1976),and Spain (1981).For Switzerland,the data end in 1995.The data have been updated since the publication of Alvaredo et al.,but a linear regression in logarithmic form yields a coefficient of 0.45,close to their reported value of 0.47.
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图7.3
:Author’s calculations.The property values are related to Council Tax bands in April 1991 using the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) average house price series,monthly and quarterly tables,Table 12,for England and Wales,all dwellings,http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/hpi/house-price-index/september-2014/stb-september-2014.html,downloaded 19 December 2014,taking quarter 2 for 1991 and quarter 2 for 2014.
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图8.1:UK Office for National Statistics (ONS),United Kingdom National Accounts online dataset,http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/naa1-rd/united-kingdom-national-accounts/theblue-book—2013-edition/tsd—blue-book-2013.html,using variables ACHH,EKY3,and NZGO.The data in that source for 1999 to 2003 for Child Benefit include tax credits and have been replaced by the data for Child Benefit in Table 5.2.4S of the National Accounts Blue Book for 2006.The data for Child Benefit before 1987 are from the Family Benefits entry in the National Accounts Blue Books for 1987,Table 7.2; 1982,Table 7.2; and 1963-1973,Table 39.
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图8.2
:US data from U.S.Bureau of the Census,Income,Poverty,and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States
:2013, Table B-2; UK data from Department for Work and Pensions,Households Below Average Income 1994/95-2010/11 (London
:Department for Work and Pensions,2012),Table 4.2tr.
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图8.3
:LIS Key Figures,http://www.lisdatacenter.org/data-access/key-figures/downloadkey-figures/,downloaded 30 November 2014.Figures are for 2010 except Brazil (2011),Japan (2008),Guatemala and South Korea (2006),Hungary and Sweden (2005),Austria,Czech Republic,India,Peru,Switzerland,and Uruguay (2004),China (2002),and Belgium (2000).
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图8.4
:Household consumption expenditure series ABPB and the total population series EBAQ from 1954 from the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS),Blue Book tables online,http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/naa1-rd/united-kingdom-national-accounts/the-blue-book—2013-edition/tsd—blue-book-2013.html,downloaded 4 November 2014.Population data for 1948 to 1954 are from C.H.Feinstein,Statistical Tables of National Income,Expenditure and Output of the U.K.,1855-1965 (Cambridge
:Cambridge University Press,1976),Table 55,where the (minor) break in the series in 1950 has been ignored.Unemployment rates are from the Institute for Fiscal Studies website,Unemployment benefit rates,downloaded 4 November 2014.The benefit rate is that ruling on 1 July of each year.
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图8.6
:OECD Compare your country—Official Development Assistance 2013 website,downloaded 2 November 2014.Aid is expressed as a percentage of GNI.
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图9.3
:Gini coefficients from LIS Key Figures,http://www.lisdatacenter.org/data-access/key-figures/download-key-figures/,downloaded 23 November 2014.GDP annual growth rates from World Bank,World Development Indicators,http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx
#,annual percentage rate of growth of GDP per capita based on constant local currency.These have been cumulated from 1990 (in some cases later years) to 2013 and the average growth calculated.
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图10.1
:OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX),Table “From gross public to total net social spending,2011,” http://www.oecd.org/social/expenditure.htm,downloaded 25 November 2014.
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图11.2
:Calculations using the UK module of EUROMOD (see text).
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不平等，我们能做什么 图书在版编目（CIP）数据
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不平等，我们能做什么 / （英）阿特金森著；王海昉，曾鑫，刁琳琳译.—北京：中信出版社,2016.5
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（比较译丛）
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ISBN 978-7-5086-5946-6
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Ⅰ.①不…Ⅱ.①阿… ②王… ③曾… ④刁…Ⅲ.①平等（经济学）－研究Ⅳ.①F036
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中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2016)第039351号
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不平等，我们能做什么
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著者：［英］安东尼·阿特金森
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译者：王海昉 曾鑫 刁琳琳
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策划推广：中信出版社（China CITIC Press）
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出版发行：中信出版集团股份有限公司
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