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通过完全不同的增长分析方法，增长报告对于人们知识的扩展做出了重要的贡献。它找出了能够指导发展中国家政策制定者的五个特征事实（对外开放，维持宏观经济稳定，高储蓄率和投资率，市场机制，坚定、可信赖和有能力的政府）。尽管做了这些事情，但增长报告并没有理清其中的因果关系。
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林毅夫（2010）提出的新结构经济学有助于解决围绕这五个特征事实的内生性和外生性问题。贯穿这篇文章的一个核心命题是，那些实施违背自身比较优势政策的发展中国家往往经济表现不佳，并遭受着宏观经济的不稳定。它们并没有最大限度地利用全球化的好处。这种发展战略的典型特征包括：政府对没有自生能力的企业的支持所导致的巨额财政赤字，过度消费导致的通胀政策，金融抑制以及低生产率背景下的汇率高估。相比之下，那些采取遵循比较优势的发展战略的国家往往能够实现经济的有力增长。它们在发展的任一阶段都将市场作为资源配置的核心机制，它们还有可信赖的和有能力的政府。正是由于它们遵循了比较优势的原则，这些国家才拥有了一个对外开放的经济，实现了宏观经济的稳定，并获得了创纪录的高储蓄率和投资率。
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