打字猴:1.70463264e+09

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1704632642 参考文献

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1704632644 Deininger,K.,and L.Squire.1996.“A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality.” World Bank Economic Review 10 （3）:565—591.

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1704632646 Djankov,Simeon,and Peter Murrell.2002.“Enterprise Restructuring in Transition:A Quantitative Survey.” Journal of Economic Literature 40 （3）:739—792.

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1704632648 Dollar,David,and Aart Kraay.2003.“Institutions,Trade,and Growth.” Journal of Monetary Economics 50 （1）:133—162.

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1704632650 Easterly,W.,and M.Sewadeh.2002.Global Development Network Database,http://www.worldbank.org/research/growth/GDNdata.htm.

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1704632652 Easterly,William,and H.Yu.2000.“Global Development Growth Network Database.” Technical Report,World Bank,Washington,DC.

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1704632654 Fei,John,Gustav Ranis,and Shirley W.Y.Kuo.1979.Growth with Equity:The Taiwan Case,New York:Oxford University Press.

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1704632656 Frankel,Jeffrey,and David Romer.1999.“Does Trade Cause Growth?” American Economic Review 89 （June）:379—399.

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1704632658 Gwartney,James,and Robert Lawson,eds.2007.Economic Freedom of the World 2007 Annual Report.Vancouver:Fraser Institute.

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1704632660 Hall,R.E.,and C.Jones.1999.“Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 （1）:83—116.

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1704632662 Kaufmann,Daniel,and Aart Kraay.2002.“Growth without Governance.” Policy Research Working Paper No.2928,World Bank,Washington,DC.Krugman,Paul,and Maurice Obstfeld.1997.International Economics:Theory and Policy,Fourth Edition.Reading,MA:Addison-Wesley.

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1704632664 Lewis,W.Arthur.1965.Theory of Economic Growth （New York:Harper ＆ Row）,p.376.

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1704632666 Li,H.Y.,L.Squire,and H.Zou.1998.“Explaining International and Intertemporal Variations in Income Inequality.” Economic Journal 108:26—43.

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1704632668 Lin,Justin Yifu,2003.“Development Strategy,Viability,and Economic Convergence.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 51（2）:276—308.（Reprinted in part in this chapter.）

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1704632670 Lin,Justin Yifu,and Mingxing Liu.2004.“Development Strategy,Transition and Challenges of Development in Lagging Regions.” China Center for Economic Research Working Paper Series 2004—2.Peking University,Beijing.

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1704632672 Sachs,Jeffrey D.,and Andrew M.Warner.2001.“The Curse of Natural Resources.” European Economic Review 45 （4—6）（May）:827—838.Samuelson,Paul A.1978.The Collected Scientific Papers of Paul A.Samuelson,edited by H.Nagasani and K.Crowley.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.

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1704632674 United Nations Industrial Development Organisation.2002.International Year-book of Industrial Statistics.Edward Elgar Publishing.

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1704632676 World Bank.Various years.World Development Indicators.Washington,DC:World Bank.

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1704632678 [1] 本文为作者于2001年5月14日在芝加哥大学所作的D.Gale Johnson讲座首讲的讲稿。作者感谢Gary Becker、陈抗、James Heckman\，Ralph Huenemann\，大冢启二郎、George Rosen\，Jan Svejnar\，钱颖一、Kislev Yoav\，周浩以及其他讲座参与者的有益评论。刘明兴、章奇和刘培林在查阅文献、整理数据和做回归上为本文的写作提供了重要帮助，作者深表感谢。

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1704632682 [3] 从很低的水平起步，日本人均收入用现价美元衡量，已经于1988年超过了美国，新加坡人均收入于1996年超过了美国。中国台湾、韩国和中国香港与发达国家的收入差距也都显著缩小。

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1704632684 [4] 也有其他经济学家对合适技术持有类似观点，一些经济学家如Akamatsu（1962）和Takatoshi（1998）根据东亚奇迹的经验教训，使用“雁阵模式” （flying geese pattern）来描述不同发展阶段产业结构和技术扩散的特征。但是，从这个比喻里并不能得出明显的政策建议。

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1704632686 [5] Griffin（1999）将发展战略分为六类：货币主义、开放经济、工业化、绿色革命、再分配和社会主义战略。

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1704632688 [6] 为了简化起见，讨论时我忽略了自然资源禀赋。但是，即使将自然资源一并考虑，也并不影响讨论中得出的结论的有效性。

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