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英文疑难详解 2.代替 time 的各种不同的名词
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“我和王君久别重逢。”译成英文为:
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I met Mr. Wang again after a long parting.不知译得正确否?
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【解答】英文的 part 是讲离别的动作,动名词 parting 的意思还是如此,如“她在临别时哭了。”( She cried at parting.)“临别赠言”(parting words)“临别的一吻”(a parting kiss)。如果是说离别的期间,就应该说 separation,例如“久别重逢,他们非常高兴”。( They were very pleased to meet after such a long separation.)因此,质问中的译文也应改为:
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I met Mr. Wang after a long separation.
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在 after a long 后面的名词,可随时改用他字。如:
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I received a letter from him after a long silence.(许久未通讯,最近才接到他来函。)
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I went out for a walk after a long interval.(好久没有出外散步,这回才去了。)
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He returned to his native village after a long absence.(他出门很久才回故乡。)
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这种说法都是 for a long time 的变化,如 after a long separation 就等于说 whom I had not seen for a long time,而 after a long absence 就等于说 where he had not been for a long time.诸如此类,斟酌情形,是可以采用各种不同的名词来代替 time 的。
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英文疑难详解 3.raise one’s hand 用复数人称时,名词也改复数
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“举手”英文说 raise one’s hand,是举起一只手来,如遇到强盗,表示不抵抗时,即说 hold up one’s hands,是举起双手,普通表示赞成,大家举手时,也说 raise their hand 行吗?因为若说 raise their hands,岂不是每人举起双手来了吗?到底应该用单数还是复数?
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【解答】这确是英文的一种不完善的地方,也只怪得人类的双手常不同时动作的缘故,如果是眼睛就没有这个问题,因为两个人仰视时说 raise their eyes,一个人时还是 raise his eyes.一个人举手时说 raise his hand,自然很清楚,表示只举一只手,但多数人时,则说:
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They all raised their hands.
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意思仍然是各人只举一只手,习惯上都知道是举单手不是举双手,虽则可能含有双手之意。不过真正要分别的话,我们还是可以说 their both hands 来表示举双手的。原则上多数人就要用复数名词,参考下面各种例句:
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I make up my mind.(下决心。)
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They make up their minds.
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You must not speak ill of a man to his face.(不要当面说人坏话。)
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You must not speak ill of others to their faces.
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Do not speak ill of a man behind his back.(不要背后说人坏话。)
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Do not speak ill of others behind their backs.
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但是请看下面二例:
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(a) The three men were nodding their heads.
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