打字猴:1.704787592e+09
1704787592 用名词与用代名词之间,有时也有很大的区别,尤其是用于宾格作用的时候,是不可以用名词的,只能用代名词或 of 两种办法。现在我们明白了,为什么质问中的句子,不能说 the prisoner’s execution,而一定要改为 the execution of the prisoner 的原因了吧。不用 of,而用代名词,说成 his execution 原是可以的,不过“他”是谁呢?要使读者或听者懂得“他”是谁,就非把 prisoner 一字说出不可,所以在这种情形之下,his execution 的表现法是用不着的。
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1704787594 现在再举两例来说明一下:
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1704787596 (a) He has never recovered her loss.( Obj. Poss.)
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1704787598 (b) She has never recovered her loss.( Subj. Poss.)
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1704787600 (a) The prisoner desired to see his wife before his execution.( Obj. Poss.)
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1704787602 (b) His execution of the task was admirable.( Subj. Poss.)
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1704787604 在上面两个主格作用的句子(b)当中,属格的用法是简单明了的,用不着多加说明。惟有宾格作用的用法值得注意。例如(a)句中的 her loss 及 his execution 是可以改为 the loss of his mother(失恃)及 the execution of the prisoner(将囚犯处死),但不能说 his mother’s loss 及 the prisoner’s execution.
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1704787606 所有格如果是用于宾格作用的话,惯用法是要用代名词,而不用名词的。对人如此,对物亦然。上例说,“失去他的母亲”而用 his mother’s loss,是宾格作用,所以不行,如果是主格作用,意为“他母亲的损失”,自然是可以说的了。我们不能说 the article’s use,但可以说 its use;我们不能说 a room’s length,但可以说 its length,例如:
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1704787608 If you deny my statement, I can produce witnesses to prove its truth.(如果你要否认我的陈述,我可以提出证据来证明它的真实。)
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1704787610 这种宾格作用常要发生误解,最好尽量少用,因为意义暧昧不明。至于主格作用与宾格作用,也是很难分辨的,例如美总统林肯的名言:government of the people,by the people and for the people,句中的 by the people,显然是主格作用,而 for the people,显然是宾格作用,但 of the people 就是二者皆可的。
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1704787615 英文疑难详解 [:1704786995]
1704787616 英文疑难详解 10.属格代名词的绝对型,反身属格的用法
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1704787618 “她有点私房钱。”一句话,为什么不可以译成 She has some her own property.而必须要译作 She has some property of her own.才对?
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1704787620 【解答】英文的属格代名词原有两种形态,一是说出名词的,一是不说出名词的,前者为普通型,后者称绝对型( Absolute Form)。如 Your house is larger than mine (=my house).用了绝对型的 mine,就可避免重复说 house 一个名词了。当那名词前面用有 a,any,some,no,this,that 等字样时,这个绝对型常要用在 of 之后,而构成英文的双重属格( Double Possessive),例如:
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1704787622 A friend of mine is desirous of seeing your house.(我的一个朋友想要看看你的屋子。)
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1704787624 That is no business of yours.(那不关你的事。)
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1704787626 That was a shocking mistake of yours.(那是你的一个大错。)
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1704787628 Where did you buy that watch of yours?(你那只表是哪里买的?)
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1704787630 May I look at this photograph-album of yours?(你的这本照相簿我可以看看吗?)
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1704787632 如果不用代名词而改用名词的时候,就要在名词上附加 Apostrophe “s”,才能同样地表示出属格来,例如:
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1704787634 Any friend of my brother’s is welcome.(任何一位我兄弟的朋友我都欢迎他来。)
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1704787636 It was no fault of the doctor’s.—— Irving(那不是医生的过错。)
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1704787638 Which house of your neighbour’s was burnt down?(你附近的哪一幢房子烧掉了?)
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1704787640 That really beautiful speech of your husband’s.(你丈夫说的真够漂亮的话。)
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