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Kindness is a virtue.(亲切是美德。)(抽名)
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He has done me a great kindness (act of kindness). I have received many kindnesses from him.(他对我非常好。)(普名)
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Life is short.(人生苦短。)(抽名)
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He lives a happy life.(他生活幸福。)(普名)
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Many lives were lost in that railway accident.(在那次火车出事当中死了很多人。)(普名)
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有时在名词前另加表示数目的字眼,也同样有使那抽象名词变成普通名词的作用,例如:
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What a piece of impudence!(何等卑鄙!)
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twenty cases of death(二十个死者)
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a word (或 piece)of advice(一句忠言)
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a stroke of work(某工作的策划)
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What a stroke of luck!(多么幸运呀!)
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英文疑难详解 12.friendship 一字的单复数
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I should like to cultivate cordial friendships with them.(我希望和他们做朋友。)一句中 friendships 一字,有人说复数形不对,应该改为单数。请说明此字单复数用法上的差异。
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【解答】关于 friendship 一字,可分作抽象名词及普通名词两方面来解释。作为基本用法的抽象名词是不可数的(uncountable),意为“友情”,“友谊”,“友爱”(the feeling or relationship that exists between friends),例如 my friendship for her.(我和她的交情。)It ought,in common friendship,to be done.(这是朋友应尽的义务。)
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由抽象名词变成普通名词时,就可数了(countable),意为上述友谊的实例,或维持的时期(instance or period of this feeling),例如 a friendship of long standing(多年的交情),never to forget old friendships(毋忘旧雨)。
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现就两种名词的用法分别举例说明如下:
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(1)抽象名词的用例:
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Women who offer friendship to a man usually find that he responds with an offer of love.(女人对男人表示友情时,男人通常都要以爱情来回报她。)
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It was then that he commenced his romantic friendship with her.(就是从那时开始,他对她发生了罗曼蒂克的友谊。)
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I earnestly desire your friendship.(渴望垂爱。)
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He needed friendship.(嘤鸣求友。)
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I need not say that I shall always hold in grateful remembrance your proven friendship in this hour of need.(你在我穷困的时候,仍然照旧地对我表示深厚的交情,使我永远感戴不忘。)
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(2)普通名词的用例:
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