打字猴:1.704787761e+09
1704787761 英文疑难详解 [:1704786998]
1704787762 英文疑难详解 Ⅱ.代名词
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1704787764 英文疑难详解 [:1704786999]
1704787765 13.不可以说 I think to do so my duty.须用代名词 it 来代替不定词,而说成 I think it my duty to do so.
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1704787767 “我觉得这样做是我的义务。”译成英文为 I think to do so my duty.为什么不通呢?
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1704787769 【解答】英文的不定词近乎是一个万能的词儿,它可以作名词、形容词、副词用。所谓名词,如 To teach is to learn.(教学相长),主语是一定要用名词的。还有宾语也非名词不可,所以 I like to teach.(我喜欢教书),to teach 是动词 like 的宾语,自然也成为名词了。但用作主语或宾语,总是不太好的,惯用法要尽量避免,例如 To waste time is wrong.(浪费时间是不对的。)在文法上原不错,不过英文惯用法爱把这句说成:
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1704787771 It is wrong to waste time.这表示不喜欢用不定词作主语,要凭空找出一个代名词的“it”来,放在主语的地位上,而把原有的不定词移到后面去。在宾语的场合,就比这更为严格,简直认为说 He does not think to waste time wrong.是错误的,原因是念起来太拗口了,他们一定要说: He does not think it wrong to waste time.句中的“it”就是代表不定词的,因为作宾语用的不定词是最受反对的。质问中所提出的例句,译得不通就是这个道理,应改译为: I think it my duty to do so.
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1704787773 在“作为动词”中的 think,find,show,prove 等字,后面接的宾语,如果是不定词时,务必加一个“it”进去,说来就合乎惯用法了。再举一例如下:
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1704787775 我认为那个要实行很难。
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1704787777 不可译作 I found to put it in practice very difficult.应该用一个“it”来放在不定词的地位上,然后把那原来的不定词移到句子的后面去,即 I found it very difficult to put it in practice.
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1704787779 有时候为加强语气也用得着这个代名词的“it”,例如说 A teacher’s duty is to teach,或 to teach is a teacher’s duty.(一个教师的义务就是教书。)并不为错,但为着加强语气而改成了:
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1704787781 It is a teacher’s duty to teach.如果追问 what is a teacher?(教师是干什么的?)那回答说: A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.(教师是一个有教书义务的人。)但如果要把上面含有加重语气的“it”的句子作为根据来回答时,便是:
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1704787783 A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach.普通这种含有关系代名词的复句,大都是用加重的说法如:
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1704787785 He appeared to be a tough little man whose one object in life it was to avoid work.(他看来是一个粗暴矮小的人,他生在世上唯一的目的,就是避免做事情。)
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1704787787 Most large companies have trained specialists,called personnel managers,whose job it is to interview and pass judgment on prospective employees.(大多的大公司都训练有称为人事经理的专家,他们的工作就是接见和决定可能雇用的人员。)
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1704787792 英文疑难详解 [:1704787000]
1704787793 英文疑难详解 14.用 that 代单数名词,those 代复数名词
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1704787795 “你车子的机器比我的好。”这句话译成英文时为 The engine of your car is better than mine.据说是错误的,但不知错在什么地方,请详加说明。
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1704787797 【解答】译出的英文句子的确是错误的,因为比较不伦不类。句子的 mine=my car,是代表整个的汽车,不能拿来代表汽车上的机器,所以应说:
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1704787799 The engine of your car is better than that of mine.才对,这样拿代表我车 engine 的 that,与你车 engine 相比,自然就门当户对了。
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1704787801 如果所比的东西是一个复数名词的话,就要把 that 也改为复数,例如:
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1704787803 The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.(阔人的房子都比穷人的大。)
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1704787805 Modern schools are far better than those of a century ago.(现代的学校比一世纪前的好得多了。)
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1704787807 Elizabeth’s expeditions by sea were in general more successful than those which she attempted by land.(伊丽莎白的海上远征,一般地看来,比陆上的远征更为成功。)
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1704787809 兹再举出几个单数 that 的例,以供参考:
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