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英文疑难详解 14.用 that 代单数名词,those 代复数名词
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“你车子的机器比我的好。”这句话译成英文时为 The engine of your car is better than mine.据说是错误的,但不知错在什么地方,请详加说明。
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【解答】译出的英文句子的确是错误的,因为比较不伦不类。句子的 mine=my car,是代表整个的汽车,不能拿来代表汽车上的机器,所以应说:
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The engine of your car is better than that of mine.才对,这样拿代表我车 engine 的 that,与你车 engine 相比,自然就门当户对了。
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如果所比的东西是一个复数名词的话,就要把 that 也改为复数,例如:
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The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.(阔人的房子都比穷人的大。)
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Modern schools are far better than those of a century ago.(现代的学校比一世纪前的好得多了。)
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Elizabeth’s expeditions by sea were in general more successful than those which she attempted by land.(伊丽莎白的海上远征,一般地看来,比陆上的远征更为成功。)
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兹再举出几个单数 that 的例,以供参考:
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The climate of Taiwan is milder than that of Singapore.(台湾的气候比新加坡的温和。)
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The climate is like that of France.(气候和法国相像。)
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His manner was that of a gentleman.(他的态度有君子风。)
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The weight of an ox is much more than that of a horse.(牛重于马。)
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The cost of oil is less than that of gas.(油的价钱少于煤气的价钱。)
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英文疑难详解 15.代普通名词的 it 和 one 的用法
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“我的伞失掉了,我想我一定要再买一把来。”译成英文为 I have lost my umbrella. I think I must buy it again.译文中的 it 据说是错了,应改为 one 才对,不知这两个代名词的用法有何不同?
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【解答】英文的“it”和“one”,都是用来代表普通名词的,所以译文中用了“it”,不能说是文法上绝对的错误。既不能从文法上来说明,只好由常识来解答。
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现在我们看看译文中的“it”所代表的是什么,谁也知道是伞,即是:it=my umbrella;这样一来,无异是要把已经失掉了的那把伞重新再买回来,这怎么可能呢?所以凭常识判断,用“it”是错误的,如果改为 one(=an umbrella)的话就对了,因为那是另外的一把新伞,人人得而买到的。
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同为普通名词的代名词 one 和 it 的区别,看去很简单,用时也不免常要弄错,所以我们还是要找出一个定则来,以便遵循。
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(1)one 是指不定的东西,it 是指特定的东西:
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(a)“ Do you have a car?”——“ Yes, I have one. I have a good one.”(“你有车吗?”——“我有一辆。我有一辆好车。”)
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(b) My father bought a car and gave it to me.(我父亲买了一辆车,又把它给我了。)
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