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英文疑难详解 16.that 代有定冠词的名词,one 代有不定冠词的名词
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我们可以说: The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar.为何不能说: This is a point of idiom rather than that of grammar.呢?
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【解答】“ That”代表有定冠词的名词,“one”代表有不定冠词的名词。质问中的第二句是有不定冠词的名词(a point),所以应该用“one”代表,全句应改正:
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This is a point of idiom rather than one of grammar.当然这个句子里的 one 略去亦无妨。但要用必须用 one,不可用 that,因为 that 是 the 变的,属于定冠词范围之内。第一句中的“that”,正是代表“the study”的,而第二句中的 one,则是代表“a point”的。
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再看这样的例句:
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The cost of oil is less than that of gas.(油的价钱少于煤气的价钱。)句中 that=the cost.
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I prefer the climate of Singapore to that of Taiwan.(比起台湾来,我更喜欢新加坡的气候。)句中 that=the climate.
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但如果说:
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A cake made of wheat costs less than that made of rice.时,则 that 等于 a cake,所以要不得,应把 that 改为 one 才对。(one=a cake)
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I prefer a flat in Taipei to that in Singapore 句中 that 不能代表 a flat,应改为 one.有些句子字面上没有冠词,实际是有冠词隐藏在内,例如:
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Modern schools (= The schools of modern times)are far better than those of a century ago.(现代的学校比一世纪前的好得多了。)
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又前面有“the”,后面并不一定非接“that”不可,如 The step you have taken is that of much risk.的说法,就是错误的,应将 that 改为 one 才对。因为 that=the step,而 one=a step,这个句子只能说 The step you have taken is a step of much risk.(你所采取的步骤是〔一个〕很危险的〔步骤〕。)现用 one 代替 a step,以求简化。
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The subject is too vast a one to be treated in an essay of this length.(这个题目太大了,这样短短的文章中包含不下。)
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This book is such a one as is needed by every student of English.(这是每一个研究英语的人都需要的一本书。)
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Your cat is black;my young one is white.(你的猫是黑的;我的小猫是白的。)
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没有形容词时就不要加冠词,如:
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He has many books; I want to borrow one.(他有许多书,我要向他借一本来看。)
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This book is one that is needed by every student of English.(这是一本每个研究英语的人所需要的书。)
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但有时可以加上定冠词,而意思便不同了。
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英文疑难详解 17.one,a one,the one,ones 的分别
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“你有一支笔吗?”“是的,我有一支笔。”译成英文为“ Have you a pen?”” Yes, I have a one.”据说 a one 是错误的,应改为 one 才对,但 We are going to leave our house and remove to a new one.(我们将离此屋,迁入新屋。)句中不是在 one 前加了不定冠词吗?请将 one,a one,the one,ones 等的用法说明一下。
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【解答】在没有任何形容词的时候,one 前通常不加冠词〔注〕或所有格,但除了“the”以外,因 the 等于说 the only 差不多,否则就是两相比较之时,如 the one,the other 的说法,现在且看带有形容词的 a one 的用例:
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Get me some better pens,this is a bad one.(给我几支比较好的笔;这支笔太坏了。)
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