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Modern schools (= The schools of modern times)are far better than those of a century ago.(现代的学校比一世纪前的好得多了。)
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又前面有“the”,后面并不一定非接“that”不可,如 The step you have taken is that of much risk.的说法,就是错误的,应将 that 改为 one 才对。因为 that=the step,而 one=a step,这个句子只能说 The step you have taken is a step of much risk.(你所采取的步骤是〔一个〕很危险的〔步骤〕。)现用 one 代替 a step,以求简化。
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The subject is too vast a one to be treated in an essay of this length.(这个题目太大了,这样短短的文章中包含不下。)
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This book is such a one as is needed by every student of English.(这是每一个研究英语的人都需要的一本书。)
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Your cat is black;my young one is white.(你的猫是黑的;我的小猫是白的。)
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没有形容词时就不要加冠词,如:
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He has many books; I want to borrow one.(他有许多书,我要向他借一本来看。)
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This book is one that is needed by every student of English.(这是一本每个研究英语的人所需要的书。)
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但有时可以加上定冠词,而意思便不同了。
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英文疑难详解 17.one,a one,the one,ones 的分别
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“你有一支笔吗?”“是的,我有一支笔。”译成英文为“ Have you a pen?”” Yes, I have a one.”据说 a one 是错误的,应改为 one 才对,但 We are going to leave our house and remove to a new one.(我们将离此屋,迁入新屋。)句中不是在 one 前加了不定冠词吗?请将 one,a one,the one,ones 等的用法说明一下。
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【解答】在没有任何形容词的时候,one 前通常不加冠词〔注〕或所有格,但除了“the”以外,因 the 等于说 the only 差不多,否则就是两相比较之时,如 the one,the other 的说法,现在且看带有形容词的 a one 的用例:
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Get me some better pens,this is a bad one.(给我几支比较好的笔;这支笔太坏了。)
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This book is the one that is needed by every student of English.(这便是那每一个研究英语的人所需要的〔唯一的〕书。)
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再看复数的代名词 ones 的用法,也总是带有形容词的,不能单独使用:
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I like peaches,but I must have some ripe ones.(我喜欢吃桃子,但一定要是熟了的。)
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I have a new pen and several old ones.(我有一支新笔和好几支旧笔。)
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These green ones are too small; I want those black ones.(这些绿的太小,我要那些黑的。)
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有时把修饰 ones 的形容词放在它的后面也可以,如:
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The students who do best in examinations are not always the ones (=those)with the best brains.(考试成绩优秀的学生并不一定是最聪明的。)
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〔注〕口语的用法 a one 意为热狂者,如 He is a one for baseball.俗语的用法 a one 意为怪物,如 You are a one!
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