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Some animals,as the fox and the squirrel,have bushy tails.(有些动物例如狐与松鼠,有浓密的尾巴。)
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又可用作连词,如:
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It is not so easy as you think.(这没有你想的那么容易。)
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Just as he was speaking,there was a loud explosion(正当他在说话的时候,发生大的爆炸。)
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As you are sorry, I’ll forgive you.(因为你已道歉,所以我原谅你。)
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Young as he was,he was able.(他虽则年轻,却很能干。)
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Socrates’ conversations as reported by Plato were full of a shrewd humor.(柏拉图所传述的苏格拉底的谈话是充满着辛辣的幽默的。)
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最后一例中的 as,是用来限制它紧前那个名词的概念的,reported 前可加 they were 来讲。又 He arranged matters so as to suit everybody.(他把事情安排得人人都合适。)一句,在 as 后没有接子句,而是接的不定词,看去不像是连词一样,其实这种说法等于说 He arranged matters so well that they suit everybody.所以 as 还是连词,他例如 Be so good as to come.= Be so good that you come.最后还可用作关系代名词,它的先行词,如果是 such 或 the same 后的名词时,就很容易说明,例如:
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Such men as (= Those men who)heard him praised him.(听过他演说的人都称赞他。)
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Such animals as (= Those animals which are)the fox and the squirrel have bushy tails.(狐与松鼠那样的动物有浓密的尾巴。)
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This is the same watch as I have lost.(这只表和我丢了的表是一样的。)
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Bees like the same odors as we do.(蜜蜂对于香味与我们有同好。)
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但它的先行词,不一定是一个名词,有时是前面整个的句子,以 as 来引导出一个不限制的关系词子句,这时就比较难于分析了。质问中的句子正是这种情形。兹另举数例如下:
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As might be expected,a knowledge of psychology is essential for good advertisement.(如我们所预期的一样,好的广告,绝对需要有心理学的知识。)
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She was a woman of intelligence,as is shown by the letters she wrote.(她是一位有高度智力的女人,从她所写的信件中便可以看得出来。)
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He was a foreigner,as I knew from his accent.(他是外国人,听他说话的腔调就知道。)
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You are wrong as was to be expected.(果然不出所料,你是错了。)
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这种先行词为整个句子的 as,可以用 which 或 which fact 来解释,而用法与比较时的 than 略略相似,试看下面用 than 的例句,可供参考:
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There are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in your philosophy.(天地间的事情比在你的知识中所梦想到的,多了不知多少倍。)
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Our employees are working longer hours than is efficient.(我们的雇员工作得比有效能的时间更要长久。)
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英文疑难详解 26.代名词的格
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“我想那是他。”一句中文译成英文时,可译作(a) I thought that it was he.或(b) I thought it to be him.为何一则用 he,一则用 him 呢?
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【解答】英文造句有四大要素,即 Subject(主语), Predicate(述语), Object(宾语), Complement(补语)。在文句中凡作为补语用的代名词,它的格( Case)必须和它有关的名词或代名词的格一致。就质问中所提出的两个句子来看,(a)句中之所以要用 he,是为着要和 was 的主语 it 一致,使之成为主格补语( Subjective Complement)的缘故。至于在(b)句中的 him,也是和 it 的格一致,不过这个却是 thought 的实语,所以 him 就不得不用宾格补语( Objective Complement)了。简单地说,主格补语是主格( Subjective Case),而宾格补语就是宾格( Objective Case)。
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