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但有某些形容词,却只有一种作用,叙述的不能用作限定的;限定的也不能用作叙述的,否则就是错误。这就是 That house is wooden 一句之所以不通的道理。英文 wooden 一字是限定形容词,只能用在名词之前,不能用在动词之后,所以只能说: That is a wooden house.不能说 That house is wooden.如果一定要拿 that house 做主语,说那房子是木造的,就可以说 That house is built of wood.
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限定形容词可分下列各种用法:
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A kind man.
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An early riser.(=a man who rises early)
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A natural philosopher.(=a person who studies natural philosophy)
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The poor law.
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For your lovely sake.(=for the sake of you who are lovely)
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限定形容词原则上是放在名词前,但在下列各种场合,就要放在名词后面去:
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(1)法文及拉丁文系统的形容词:
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Poet Laureate, China proper, Henry the Fourth,heir apparent, God Almighty.等。
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(2)修饰呼唤格的 headword 时:
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Father dear,my Lady sweet,arise(莎剧)。
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(3)以 something,anything,somebody 等为 headword 时:
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There was something noble about the man.(那人气度很高尚。)
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Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.—— Emerson(没有一件伟大的事不是热心做成的。)
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(4)以-able,-ible 终结的形容词:
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Paris is one of the most delightful places imaginable.(巴黎是可设想得到的最愉快的地方之一。)
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We get all the assistance possible.(我们得到一切可能的帮助。)
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(5)连用两个以上的形容词时:
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A man poor but contented is to be envied.(一个贫而乐的人是可羡慕的。)
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I never heard a tale,so sad,so tender,and so true.(我从来没有听见过一个故事,有这样悲哀,这样温柔,又这样真实的。)
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(6)其他:
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It is not so,honour bright.(决无其事,我可以发誓。)
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I will come on Sunday next.(我下星期日来。)
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叙述形容词最常用的有 ill,well,bound,content,unable,worth,以及字首为 a-的字,alive,asleep,afraid,ashamed,awake,alone,aware 等,例如:
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