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用来指国民的时候就比较复杂了:
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(1)the+固有形容词(作复数用)=全体国民:
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The Chinese are an industrious people.(中国人是勤勉的国民。)
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The English are a mercantile people.(英国人是商业的国民。)
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The Swiss have their mountains,the French their Paris,the English their home.(瑞士人有山,法国人有巴黎,英国人有家。)
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The Americans are very social.(美国人好交际。)
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(2)个体的国民,有单复同形的,也有单复异形的,如:
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He is a Chinese.—— They are Chinese.
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He is a Frenchman.—— They are Frenchmen.
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We hated all the French people we met there.—— Jespersen(我们在那儿所遇到的那些法国人,都很讨厌。)
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There were staying in the hotel two Japanese,three Portuguese,four Italians,five Poles,six Danes.(那旅馆中住得有两个日本人,三个葡萄牙人,四个意大利人,五个波兰人,六个丹麦人。)
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(3)普通说国籍时,常把冠词略去:
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I am Chinese.(我是中国的国民。)
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比较: I am a Chinese.(我是中国人。)
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He is Italian.(他是意大利的国民。)
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They are Italian.(他们都是意大利的国民。)
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比较: They are Italians.(他们是意大利人。)
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A thing you would certainly think twice about before doing in public,if you were English.—— William Plomer(如果你是英国国民的话,这确是一件你要三思而后行的事。)
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(4)说个体的多数与说整体不同的地方,就是一则无定冠词,一则有定冠词:
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Americans think that they can win the war in Vietnam.(美国人以为他们可在越南战胜。)
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The Americans are an active people.(美国人是活跃的民族。)
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说美国人是活跃的民族,当然是指整个的美国人而言,至于说美国人以为他们可在越南战胜,不过是一部分鹰派的人的看法而已。
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普通名词亦复有这种分别,例如:
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The students of our school are very diligent.(我们学校里的学生都很用功。)( The students= All the students)
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They are students of our school.(他们是我们学校里的学生。)(students=some students)
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