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1704790068 英文疑难详解 [:1704787053]
1704790069 英文疑难详解 65.不定冠词的用法
1704790070
1704790071 常有人说我们学了多年的英文,连一个“a”字的用法都没有学会,似非虚言。请将不定冠词的用法,分条举例说明一下。
1704790072
1704790073 【解答】不定冠词的用法,可分为下列九种:
1704790074
1704790075 (1)表示“或”的意思,讲话时第一次提到的名词冠以“a”,再提时便冠以“the”如:
1704790076
1704790077 One day a wolf fell in with a fox. The wolf was all skin and bones,while the fox was as fat as he could be.(有天一条狼遇到一只狐狸。那条狼瘦得只剩皮包骨,而那只狐狸却非常肥胖。)
1704790078
1704790079 用于此意时,复数形常加 some,any 的形容词,比较:
1704790080
1704790081 I saw a bird flying. It was a crow.(我看见一只鸟在飞。那是一只乌鸦。)改成复数则为 I saw some birds flying. They were crows.
1704790082
1704790083 (2)表示“one”的意思:
1704790084
1704790085 He came here a week ago.(他在一星期前来此。)
1704790086
1704790087 He will return in a day or two (=in one or two days).(他将在一两天内回来。)
1704790088
1704790089 They were all killed to a man.(他们被杀得片甲不留。)
1704790090
1704790091 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.(多得不如现得。)
1704790092
1704790093 (3)表示“any”的意思,可代表一个族类:
1704790094
1704790095 A horse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物。)
1704790096
1704790097 I like a dog,but don’t like a cat.(我喜欢狗,不喜欢猫。)
1704790098
1704790099 A cat may look at a king.(一个人无论身分怎样低下,都有相当的权利。)
1704790100
1704790101 这个用法和作“或”解的时候不同,在其复数形前面不能加用 some 的字样,只能说 I like dogs,but don’t like cats.表整个族类的,除 a dog,dogs 外,还可以说 the dog,不过口语中最常用的是 dogs 一个形式。下面一个略近文言的表现法,也应归入此项。
1704790102
1704790103 Of late he gets up late of a morning.(近来他起身很迟。)
1704790104
1704790105 It was his custom of a Sunday to sit in the garden.(礼拜天他惯常坐在公园里。)
1704790106
1704790107 (4)表示“a curtain”的意思:
1704790108
1704790109 There is a Mr. Lee waiting for you downstairs.(楼下有位李先生在等你。)
1704790110
1704790111 That is true,in a way.(从某一方面看来,那也是真的。)
1704790112
1704790113 (5)表示“the same”的意思:
1704790114
1704790115 They were of an age.(他们都是同年的。)
1704790116
1704790117 Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚。)
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