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在(a)句中说 He has become(他变成),意思是不完全的(因为 become 是一个不完全自动词),必须加补语 rich 才成句,至于在(b)句中 Diligence has made him(勤快使他成为),意思也是不完全的(因为 make 在此为不完全他动词),必须加补语 rich 才成句。这是不完全自动词与不完全他动词的比较。
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兹将不完全他动词举例说明如下:
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Who made you judge between us?(谁要你做我们的裁判?)
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What do you call this flower?(这花叫什么名字?)
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They elected him chairman.(他们选他做主席。)
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I thought him a fool.(我认为他是一个傻子。)
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Keep your eyes open all the time.(时时要注意看。)
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He left me her guardian.(他立遗嘱要我做她的监护人。)
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Do you find the book easy?(你觉得那本书容易读吗?)
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另外有一些不完全他动词,是带得有一个介词的,补语要接在那个介词后面,如 regard as,mistake for 等等皆是,我们不可把那冠有介词的补语,误认为是用作副词的介词片语。例如:
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(a)Please make yourself at home.
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(b)They spent their honeymoon at home.
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(a)例中的 at home 是不完全他动词 make 的及宾语 yourself 的补语,而(b)例中的 at home 则是修饰完全他动词 spent 的副词。再举他例比较如下:
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(a) I esteem him as a very honest man.(补语)
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(b) He enters the contest as a professional.(副词)
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(a)I mistook him for my brother.(补语)
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(b)I bought it for my brother.(副词)
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(a)Please keep everything in perfectly good condition.(补语)
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(b) I remember having met him in a semiconscious condition.(副词)
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(a) He has set a new scheme on foot.(补语)
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(b)I crossed the bridge on foot.(副词)
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再看下面这些带有介词的补语:
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He is regarded as quite a rich man.(他被看作一个很有钱的人。)
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They acknowledge him as an authority in these matters.(他们承认他是这方面的权威。)
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We acknowledge it as binding.(我们承认此约有效。)
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