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You must not go.(你不可以去。)(允许去时说 You may go.)
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You must not sit here talking.(你不要坐在这里聊天。)
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英文疑难详解 91.must 和 have to 的分别
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英文的助动词 must,只有现在形,过去要用 had to 代替,但 had to 的现在形为 have to;这样一来,便有了两个现在形了,不知这两个现在形,在用法上有何分别?
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【解答】同为现在形的 must 和 have to,在一般的情形上是通用的,不过用 have to 的场合较多,尤其是在美国。
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You must (或 have to)do as you are told.(你一定要照着吩咐的做。)
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We must (或 have to)sell our house.(我们必须卖去我们的房子。)
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I am sorry to say that for unavoidable reasons we shall have to (或 must)dispense with your services from next year.(由于不可避免的理由,从明年起我们无法继续请你帮忙,十分抱歉。)
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I always have to (或 must always)work hard.(我必须经常努力。)
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这二者在用法上的差别:用 have to 是表示客观的必要,用 must 是表示主观的必要,如说:
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I have to go to the airport to see him off.(我必得到机场送行〔因为他是我的顶头上司〕。)
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I must go to the airport to see him off.(我必得到机场送行〔因为他是我最好的朋友。〕)
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用于否定时,二者在意义上也有很大的分别,如:
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You have not to say that.(你用不着那样说。)
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You must not say that.(你决不可那样说。)
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第一句的 you have not to say=you need not say;第二句的 you must not say=you are not allowed to say.
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还有 have to 的否定有两种表现法,一则加用 do,一则不加 do,指常习的事情用 don’t have to,指特定的场合用 haven’t to,例如:
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We don’t have to work on Saturday afternoons.(通常在星期六下午我们不上班。)
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We haven’t to work this afternoon,because it’s Saturday.(因为是星期六,今天下午不上班。)
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宾语放在不定词的前后都是一样:
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I have a letter to write.或 I have to write a letter.(我有一封信要写。)
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