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This house is to be let or sold.(这房子要出租或者出售。)
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Not an instant is to be lost.(一秒钟也不要浪费。)
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And the augurs were as clever as are politicians,who also must practise divination,if ever they are to do anything worth the name.—— D. H. Lawrence(现代的政治家也和古代的占兆家一样不得不实行占兆,如果他们想要做点名副其实的事情的话,所以古代的占兆家也和现代的政治家一样的聪明呢。)
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(6)表结果:
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He was to blame for not locking the door.(没有锁门是他的过错。)
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Am I to understand that you have engaged yourself to this young gentleman?—— Shaw(你是说你已经和这个青年男士订了婚吗?)
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(7)表运命:
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The Prince of Wales has been touring the worldwide dominions of which,some day,he is to be the crown head.—— H. G. Wells(将来命定要做英国领土之王的皇太子,去周游了遍及全世界的领土回来了。)
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美国的文法家 Curme 说,“be+不定词”的形式,常用来代替 must,should,ought to,have to 等等,这就是指上面说的第三项。
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凡自动词用 is to do,他动词用 is to be done,但他动词的 blame 是一个例外,通常并不说 to be blamed,也许这是受其含义的影响,因 be+to blame 是“应负责”(有自动的意味),例如: Who is to blame for the disaster?(这灾难谁负责呀?)
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英文疑难详解 105.名词后接用的不定词
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以前曾解答动词后接不定词或动名词的用法,现在拟请再就名词后接不定词或动名词的用法,加以详解。例如:“我并不想到美国去。”一句,应译(a) I have no intention to go to America.或是(b) I have no intention of going to America.
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【解答】在名词后面并不一定要接“介词+动名词”,有很多场合是可以,或甚至必须接“不定词”的。当然二者皆可的是最便于我们学习了。但英文的这两种准动词的用法,实在是够复杂的。现在单就名词后的用法,分成三类,例解如下:
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(A)在 way,time,chance,opportunity 等名词后,接不定词或动名词都可以的:
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1.“什么是学习外国语最好的方法?”
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What is the best way { to learn | of learning } a foreign language?
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2.“我近来连读书的时间都没有。”
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I have no time,nowadays,{ to read. | for reading.}
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3.“我简直和他交谈的机会都没有。”
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I had no chance { to speak | of speaking } to him.
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4.“我几乎没有研习英文的机会。”
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I have little opportunity { to study | of studying } English.
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(B)通常只接用不定词的有 ability,tendency,resolution,determination 等名词:
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