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(B)通常只接用不定词的有 ability,tendency,resolution,determination 等名词:
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1.“他决心要出洋去。”
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He made a determination to go abroad.
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2.“我坚决地要戒烟。”
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I have made a firm resolution to give up smoking.
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3.“近来颇有耽于奢侈的倾向。”
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A tendency to indulge in luxury is seen lately.
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4.“他有鱼一般的游泳本领。”
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He has the ability to swim like a fish.
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注意:最后一例,不可以说成 He has the ability of swimming like a fish.又如 the ability of the sovereign nations to combine for collective security in the United Nations Organization.一句仍是接的不定词,即 ability to combine,至于 of the sovereign nations 是修饰 ability 的,并非接在 ability 后的动作。
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(C)在 intention,idea,habit,objection,method,purpose 等名词后,通常要接用动名词,如:
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1.“我不想当医生。”
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I have no intention of becoming a doctor.
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2.“我没有想到你会来。”
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I had no idea of your coming.
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3.“我有早起的习惯。”
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I am in the habit of rising early.
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4.“你反对我去吗?”
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Have you any objection to my going?
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5.“他教英文的方法很新。”
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His method of teaching English is novel.
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6.“她到意大利学习音乐去了。”
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He has gone to Italy for the purpose of studying music.
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根据以上的原则,质问中所提出的,应以(b)译为宜。又如: It is his habit to walk for half an hour before breakfast.(他在吃早饭以前有出去散步半小时的习惯。)为何在 habit 后面又可以接“不定词”呢?通常在 habit 后是要接“介词+动名词”才对,即如 His habit of walking for half an hour before breakfast keeps him healthy.(他在早饭前散步半小时的那种习惯使他保持健康。)确实,在 habit 后应该接用介词加动名词,这原是一般的法则,不过英文写来常有变化,因造句的关系,就不能死守着法则不放,还是要理解文句的构造,才不致为法则所制。 It is his habit to walk for half an hour before breakfast.一句中的不定词 to walk 并不表示那种习惯的动作,从文法上讲,它是一个名词,不是动词,所以与 habit 毫无关系。句中的 It 是填补词,是假主语,真正的主语为 to walk for half an hour before breakfast,因为主语太长,放在动词之前显得尴尬,所以用 it 来代替主语,而把意味上的真正的主语移到后头了。 To walk 既是主语,当然是名词了。这句的意义不是说“散步的习惯”,而是说:“早饭前散步是他的习惯。”至于 His habit of walking for half an hour…,才是指的“散步的习惯”,二者是判然不同的。
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