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根据以上的原则,质问中所提出的,应以(b)译为宜。又如: It is his habit to walk for half an hour before breakfast.(他在吃早饭以前有出去散步半小时的习惯。)为何在 habit 后面又可以接“不定词”呢?通常在 habit 后是要接“介词+动名词”才对,即如 His habit of walking for half an hour before breakfast keeps him healthy.(他在早饭前散步半小时的那种习惯使他保持健康。)确实,在 habit 后应该接用介词加动名词,这原是一般的法则,不过英文写来常有变化,因造句的关系,就不能死守着法则不放,还是要理解文句的构造,才不致为法则所制。 It is his habit to walk for half an hour before breakfast.一句中的不定词 to walk 并不表示那种习惯的动作,从文法上讲,它是一个名词,不是动词,所以与 habit 毫无关系。句中的 It 是填补词,是假主语,真正的主语为 to walk for half an hour before breakfast,因为主语太长,放在动词之前显得尴尬,所以用 it 来代替主语,而把意味上的真正的主语移到后头了。 To walk 既是主语,当然是名词了。这句的意义不是说“散步的习惯”,而是说:“早饭前散步是他的习惯。”至于 His habit of walking for half an hour…,才是指的“散步的习惯”,二者是判然不同的。
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英文疑难详解 106.so as to do 和 so…as to do
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(a) We started so early as to get there before noon.
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(b) We started early so as to get there before noon.
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上面这两句英文在意义上有何不同?
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【解答】(a)可译作“我们很早动身,所以在正午以前就到达那里了”。(b)可译作“我们要在正午以前赶到那里,所以很早就动身了”。这个 so as to 的造句,如果分开是表“结果”之意,如果连在一块儿,就是表“目的”的了。即是(a)与 so——that 相同,而(b)则与 so that——may 相同,所以质问中的例句可以改写如下:
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(a) We started so early as to get there before noon.= We started so early that we got there before noon.
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(b) We started early so as to get there before noon.= We started early,so that we might get there before noon.
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现在再举一两个类似的例子,以资研习:
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1.“他大为生气,连话都说不出来了。”
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He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
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He was so angry that he could not speak.
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2.“早点来可以占到好位子。”
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Come early so as to get a good seat.
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Come early so that you may get a good seat.
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Come early in order to get a good seat.
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3.“她轻移莲步,不使有一点声音。”
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She walked softly so as not to make any noise.
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She walked softly that she might not make any noise.
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She walked softly in order not to make any noise.
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又这个 so as to 还可以代替副词用,如:
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1.“他很好借了那笔钱给我。”
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He was so kind as to lend me the money.
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