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【解答】这个表现法可分成三类来加以说明:
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(1)从字面上看,凡在 not,only,all,but 等字后面的 too,其句中的不定词是没有否定意思的,如:
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English is not too difficult to learn.(英文并不太难学。)
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I shall be only too pleased to help you.(我极高兴帮助你。)
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They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others without the pain of thought for themselves.(他们都太满意于接受别人的意见,自己懒得去想。)
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You know but too well to hold your tongue.(你十分知道少说话的好。)
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这些句中的 too 都可以解释为 very.
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(2)从构造上看,不定词如系修饰 too 后面的字而非修饰 too 时,即不含否定的意思,如:
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She is too ready to speak.(她太多言了。)
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He is too ready to promise.(suspect)(轻诺。)(易疑。)
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Beginners are too apt to make mistakes.(初学者容易弄错。)
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We are too apt to overlook our own faults.(我们很容易忽视自己的过错。)
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这种句中的不定词是修饰 too 后面的 ready 一类的字的,也可以说 too 是修饰 ready to speak 的,所以第一句的 She is too ready to speak.= She is too talkative.
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(3)当不定词用来修饰前面的 too 时,才含有否定的意思在内,说: She is too young to marry.= She is so young that she can not marry.= She is not old enough to marry.(她太年轻,不能结婚。)句中的 to marry 是修饰前面的 too 或 too young 的。再举数例如下:
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The news is too good to be true.(消息太好,恐不可靠。)
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The flower is too beautiful to last.(花太美,难经久。)
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You are too young to understand such things.(你太年轻,不懂得这些事。)
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I was too excited to speak.(我兴奋得说不出话来了。)
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把上面三种用法了然于怀,即令遇到字面构造完全相同的句子,也能分别其不同的含义了:
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(a) He is too angry to speak.
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(b) He is too ready to speak.
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(a)句中的不定词是修饰 too 的,而(b)句则是用 too 来修饰不定词的。所以(a)的意思是“不能说话”,而(b)是“多言”。换言为(a) He is so angry that he cannot speak.是通的,但(b) He is so ready that he cannot speak.就说不通了。
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附带地说一下,在 too…+for+ Object 的形式下,也含有否定的意思,如 too beautiful for words(美得言语不能形容);too fat for beauty(太胖就不美了)。
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