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You are too young to understand such things.(你太年轻,不懂得这些事。)
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I was too excited to speak.(我兴奋得说不出话来了。)
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把上面三种用法了然于怀,即令遇到字面构造完全相同的句子,也能分别其不同的含义了:
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(a) He is too angry to speak.
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(b) He is too ready to speak.
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(a)句中的不定词是修饰 too 的,而(b)句则是用 too 来修饰不定词的。所以(a)的意思是“不能说话”,而(b)是“多言”。换言为(a) He is so angry that he cannot speak.是通的,但(b) He is so ready that he cannot speak.就说不通了。
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附带地说一下,在 too…+for+ Object 的形式下,也含有否定的意思,如 too beautiful for words(美得言语不能形容);too fat for beauty(太胖就不美了)。
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英文疑难详解 108.不定词的否定
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(a) I told him not to speak the truth.
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(b) I did not tell him to speak the truth.
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这两句英文在意义上有什么不同?
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【解答】(a)句的意思是“我叫他不要说真话”。(b)句的意思是“我并没有叫他说真话”。如果要对不定词的意思加以否定的话,就得把 not 放在不定词的紧前面,所以(a)中的 not 是否定 to speak the truth 的,相反地在(b)句中的 not 是与 did 合起来否定该句中的动词 tell 的。
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我们无论是翻译或写作,都要注意,否定不定词的否定字,总是要紧靠在不定词的前面的,例如:
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It will need much time,not to speak of the expense.(这需要很多时间,不要说费用了。)
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He left home,never to return.(他离开家乡以后,就再没有回来过。)这个不定词是表示结果的。
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He pretends not to know.(他假装不知。)
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凡否定词与不定词或分词并用时必居其前,兹再举一个分词的例如下:
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Not knowing what to do——he pretends not to know.(不晓得要怎样办——他就装做不知。)
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英文疑难详解 109.not too…to do 和 too…not to do
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(a) It is not too late to mend.
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(b) He is too wise not to see that.
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