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He thought to deceive us.(英)= He intended (或 planned)to deceive us.(美)
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美国话的 say to do=tell a person to do.是含有命令语气的口语用法,如 He said to tell you not to come.意为“他要我告诉你不要来。”可以在 said 后,to tell 前,补入 for me 二字来解释。如质问中所提出的句子。
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The teacher says to come early.(美)= The teacher tells us that we must come early.(英)
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美国话的这种用法,是间接的命令法,英文是用 tell 来表达的,如 He told me to come at once.(他要我马上来。)如美国口语用 say 时,便要把后面的作为宾语的人称代名词略去,例如:
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“We always placed it here.”“ Kashkin never said to put it there.”—— Hemingway: For whom the Bell Tolls, X X I(我们总是把它放在这里的。卡西金从来没有说要我们把它放在那里。)
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It was the photographer in the lobby. Tyler said to come right up.—— John Dos Passos: Number One(在休息室里照相师已经来了。泰勒要我马上到这里来。)
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他们有时候也把 for me 的字样说进去,使得 say 后面的不定词有个确定的意味上的主语,意义表达得更明白些,例如:
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“She said to. She said for me not to stay here.”—— Faulkner: Sanctuary(她说就这样做吧。她说要我不要待在此地。)
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“ Gown,she said for me not to be here after dark. She said to ask him. He’s got a car…”—— Ibid(她要我不要在天黑后呆在这里。她要我去找他。他有一辆车……)
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这也有用第一人称的例子:
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So I’d count. I said to count fifty at first,then I thought it as still too soon,and I’d say to count fifty more.—— Ibid(所以我要数。最初我要数五十,可是后来觉得那还是太快,于是就再数五十好啦。)
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这句中的 I said to count 有 let me count 的意味,也还是属于命令法的范围之内的,可算是命令法的变体。
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这种表现法也许是从 Irish English 传来的,例如:
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“ You said not to answer your letter.”—— R. Knox (你叫我不要回你的信。)
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英文疑难详解 112.美国话中的现在分词的用法
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美国话中用现在分词来造句的极多,请举例说明其用法。
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【解答】英文用法中许多动名词( Gerund),到美国话中好像都变成现在分词( Present Participle)了。美国话喜欢省略介词,动名词前的介词一经略去,那动名词就变成现在分词了。因此,这种分词的用法,在美国话中特别发达。当然,除此之外,还有从其他转变来的分词也不为少。兹分为四类,例解如下:
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(1)省去介词而变成分词的:
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(a)省去 in 的:
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We made much better time going east (=in going east)than we had made going west.—— Day: Life with Father(我们向东去比我们原来的西行走得更快。)make time=go fast.
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…the arched and overhanging rigging,where they had just been engaged securing (=engaged in securing)a spar…—— Melville: Moby Dick(拱形地悬在上面的船的缆索,他们刚在那儿装好了一根帆桅。)
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(b)省去 by 的:
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Most people just ruin scissors trying (=by trying)to sharpen’em.—— Steinbeck: The Chrysanthemums(大多数的人想要把剪刀磨快,结果都磨坏了。)
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