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(a)美国话常爱用现在分词来代替表示目的的不定词,主要是用在动词 go 和 come 的后面,用在其他动词后面当然也行:
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Don’t go over there doing (=to do)anything like that.—— Caldwell: Country Full of Swedes(不要到那边去做任何那一类的事。)
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Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling (=to fool)around there no more.—— Faulkner: Soldier’s Pay(巴匹跑出到大门口去,叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。)
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Don’t bother answering (=to answer)this.—— J. G. Huneker(不必麻烦回信。)
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(b)美国话的 get talking 及 get starting 等也用以代替 get to talk 及 get to start 而流行着。这个 get+-ing 的形式还可以应用到别的动词上:
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We got talking about a matter just before I left.—— Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham(在我要离开的时候,我们曾谈论到一件事。)
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I’ve got them all talking about noses,haven’t I?—— Saroyan: The Human Comedy(我使得他们都在谈论鼻子。)
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Come on and get going.—— Caldwell: Big Buck(来开始吧。)
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If I get lying awake tonight, I shan’t.—— De Morgan: Joseph Vance(今晚我睡不着觉的话,我就不去。)
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(c)此外,不定词用以修饰其前之名词时,也可用现在分词:
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You got no call foolin’ (to fool)around.—— Steinbeck: Of Mice and Men(你无权在此游荡。)
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I hadn’t any business interfering (=to interfere).—— Tarkington(我无权干预。)
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(3)与副词同用的分词:
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现在分词多与表示动作地点的副词 out,off 等连用:
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You can see him out taking a walk.—— E. Welty: Old Mr. Marblekall(你可以看见他出去散步。)
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I bet you children were out eating Welsh Rabbit,that’s why you are so late.—— Dos Passos:1919(我可以打赌,你们这些孩子们一定是出去吃威尔斯兔子〔涂在烤面包上的一种烘溶的混有啤酒的干酪〕,所以你们回来得这样迟。)
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A farmer noticed his neighbor out chopping wood.—— Reader’s Digest(一个农夫注意到他的邻人出去砍柴。)
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Mule,off seeing the world,while I deserved a gingerbread man.—— Capote: The Grass Harp(缪尔出外看世界去了,而我活该做一个银样蜡枪头。)
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(4)go and+动词=go+-ing:
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That’s the kind of a fool I was and I was a bigger fool to go telling (=go and tell)the story.—— Anderson: Poor White(我就是那种傻子,我更傻的是还要到处去说。)
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英文疑难详解 113.want 和 need 后接动名词或不定词
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“这机器要修理了。”一句话,译成英文的: The machine wants being repaired.据说是错误的,请予改正,并详细说明理由。
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【解答】应改正为 The machine wants repairing.英文的 Gerund 和 Infinitive 的用法,意思分明是被动的,文字却要用自动的来表达,如云“中头奖很难”,则说 The first prize is very difficult to win.(意思当然是 to be won)。例题中说的机器要修理,当然是机器被人修理,可是英文却要用自动的 repairing,不可以说被动的 being repaired.
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