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He is disappointed because he did not get the position.(他感到失望,因为他没有得到那个位置。)
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He will succeed because he is capable as well as confident.(他是要成功的,因为他又有能力又可信赖。)
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如上面已说明过的,for 表理由,because 表原因,所以用 for 时是说明前面所讲的话,造句的方式常要把结果先说出来,例如:
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It is going to rain,for the barometer is falling.(天要下雨了,因为晴雨计正在下降。)
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I’m not able to begin the work at once,for I am about to start on a journey.(我不能够马上开始工作,因为我就要出发去旅行了。)
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再比较下面二例:
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He is beloved of all because he is honest.(他因诚实,为大家所喜欢。)(原因)
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He must be honest,for he is beloved of all.(他一定是很诚实,因为大家都喜欢他。)(理由)
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至于 since 通常是放在句首,对既知的事实表示一种理由,如:
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Since you say so, I suppose it is true.(你既然这样说,我想这是真的。)
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Since you are going, I will accompany you.(你既然要去,我就陪你去吧。)
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Since the earth is round,why do we not fall off?(地球既是圆的,我们为什么不会从它掉下呢?)
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连词 as 通常也是放在句首的,有时可改用 so,放在原来的主句之前,比较:
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As I am about to start on a journey, I shall not be able to begin the work before I return.(因为我就要出发去旅行了,在回来以前我不能开始那个工作。)
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I am about to start on a journey,so I shall not be able to begin the work before I return.(我就要出发去旅行了,所以我回来以前我不能开始那个工作。)
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As it is raining, I will not go out.(因雨我不出去。)
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She was well paid,as she had done the work well.(因为她工作得好,所以薪给亦高。)
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Now that 和 as 差不多,通常放在句首,如:
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Now that you are a big boy,you must behave better.(你现在已经大了,要学点礼貌。)
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Now that he has passed his examinations,they treat him better.(他现在已考取了,他们对他好些了。)
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英文疑难详解 115.because 与否定
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I didn’t go because I was afraid.这句话,我译作“我没有去,因为我怕。”分明是一个否定的句子,为什么有人又说是肯定,实际是“去了”,还是“没有去”?到底应如何译出才对?
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【解答】英文的否定原有两种:一是单字的否定,名为 Special Negation,例如 She is unhappy.另一是文句的否定,名为 Nexal Negation,例如 She isn’t happy,普通是没有什么大的意义上的差异的,如上举的两句都作“她不快乐”解,但是如果加上别的字的时候,意思就大不相同,比方说,在上例中加一个 very 进去, She is very unhappy.(她很不快乐。)She isn’t very happy.(她并不太快乐。)关于这种文句中的否定,英文中文有时都不免含有肯定在内,例如: I don’t think he will come.中文可译作:“我不认为他会来。”实际说:“我认为他不会来。”( I think he will not come.)又如 I don’t complain of your words,but of the tone in which they were uttered.(= I complain not of…,but of…)中文也可译作“我并不抱怨你说的话,而是抱怨你说那话时的声调”。当然,这个 I don’t complain(否定),实际是 I complain(肯定)。在否定句中加上一个 because 的字样进去,问题更麻烦了。普通 not…because=not…though;例如:
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