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Although 普通认为是 though 加强的形式,正好像 upon 是 on 的加强形,until 是 till 的加强形一样,但人们用时并不一定注意及此,常由个人的嗜好及口气而定取舍。大概说来,although 是置于一句的头上,后接上一个子句,而 though 则是用于跟在主句(principal clause)后面的附句(dependent clause)之首,即是为引导出一个附句而用的。
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Although 也好,though 也好,是不能和 but 同用的(因为现代华语,有“虽然…但是…”的表现法,每易误译为 although…but),但为 Emphasis 起见,至多可接用 yet(或 still,nevertheless)的字样,当然不加用这些字是最普通的句式。
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Although 比 though 来得正式而语气也要重些,不及 though 的通俗,不过在美国是不加辨别地随便用的,如 New York Times Weekly 某一期上就把 although 用了十一次(句首七次,句中四次),though 反而只用了一次。似乎近年好用 although 的人突然多起来了。
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Although 所引导的子句,通常指事实而不指假设,如下面第一句里用 though,第二句里用 although:
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He would not be unhappy though he would have to live alone.(他即使不得不离群索居,也不会不快乐的。)
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He was not unhappy although he had to live alone.(他虽然不得不离群索居,却并不觉得不快乐。)
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下面两句也因同样的理由不可改为 although:
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Let’s start as arranged though it rain (不用 rains)tomorrow.(明天即令下雨,我们也要照预定出发。)
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Though everybody desert (不用 deserts)you, I will not.(即令大家都不理你,我也不会。)
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还有在 as though,even though,young though he is 等表现法中,是不能把 though 改为 although 的。
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此外,though 有时可作副词用,那也不能换用 although 的,如:
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He will probably agree;you never know,though.(他大概会同意的,不过谁也不能确实知道。)
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He said he would come;he didn’t,though,(他原说要来的,不过他终于没有来。)
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有时在文句中虽同是用的 though 一字,但因章法不同,而语气有轻重之分,例如:
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(a) Though she was a child,the actress was drawing a crowd.
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(b) Child though she was,the actress was drawing a crowd.
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(a) The book,though it is a masterpiece,is far from popular.
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(b) The book,masterpiece though it is,is far from popular.
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每组中的(b)句都较(a)句语气为重,注意(b)句中的 child 和 masterpiece 前面没有冠词。
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英文疑难详解 117.though 的误用
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“虽则他病了好几年,现在却完全好了。”一句,译成英文为 Though having been ill for years,he is now quite well.据说是错了,但不知错在何处,请详为解说。
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【解答】译文确是错误的,应将 though 改为 after 或根本去掉,因为 though 是一个连词( Conjunction),后面必须接上一个子句( Clause),而 after 虽则也可作连词用,但主要是介词( Preposition)。例如说:“我不能照他那样做。” I cannot do it like he does.就是错误的,因为 like 是介词,后面不能接子句,必须改成连词的 as 才行,如要保留介词的 like,就要把后面的子句 he does,改为单字的 him:
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I cannot do it like him.
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