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而上例“假期从明天开始”的“从”字就不要译出,因为它后面接的 tomorrow 是一个副词,而副词前是不用介词的。英文的介词 from,是指“某种行动开始的起点”,但用时常要把那种行动的终点一并说出来,例如:
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I have been ill from yesterday morning till this evening.(我从昨天早上起到今天晚上一直在生病。)
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Coolies work from morning to night.(苦力从早做到晚。)
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此外,from 还可以用于“某种行为继续着而没有中断的时候”(when the action is continuous)。例如:
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He has been blind from childhood.(他从小就瞎了眼睛。)
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I have known him from a child.(从他小孩子时候起我就认识他。)
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至于在质问中所提出的那种 begin from 的用法,是表示“某种行为不断反复的时候”(when the action is constantly repeated)的,例如:
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I draw full pay from the date of arrival.(我从到职之日起就支领着全薪。)
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这表示支薪是每周或每月都有一次,经常反复做着的事。这不必要有起讫,单说一个起头即可,因为一时是找不出一个终点来的。
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现在附带把 from 的类似字 since 的用法,也来说明一下:since 是表示“继续到现在为止的事的起点”,作连词用时,后面常要接过去动词,例如:
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Since (= From the time when)you went out this morning, I have had ten visitors.(自从你今晨出外到现在,我已接待过十个客人了。)
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It is two years since we parted.(别来已经两年了)
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英文疑难详解 123.from,since,for 三个说时间的介词
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在上一问中解答时有一例句说:
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I have known him from a child.既然用的现在完成时态,如何不用 since 而要用 from 呢?
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【解答】不错,现在完成时态,是表示从过去到现在为止的状态,而 since 也是用来指过去到现在的时间的起点(to measure time from a particular point of time in the past),在上举例句中似乎不用 from 而用 since 更为适合,不过语文是注重惯用法的,用:“from+普通名词”或“since+抽象名词”,正是惯用的说法,所以上例是不能把 from 改为 since 的,仍然要说:
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I have known him from a child.不过也不是绝对的,如果要用 since 的话,就说:
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I have known him since his childhood.意思还是一样。介词 from 是表时间的起点的,除上举的 from a child 外,还可说 from a boy,from olden times 及 from (one’s)childhood 等等,这些表现都可以和现在完成时态同用,但用过去时态也未尝不可,例如:
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They have been friends from (或 since) childhood.(他们从幼时起就成为朋友了。)
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They have loved each other from their childhood.(他们从幼时起就相爱了。)
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From a boy he was fond of study.(从幼时起他就好学。)
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He was studious from his childhood.(他自髫龄即好学。)
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From olden times men have been making use of fire.(从古昔开始人们就一直在用火。)
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