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至于 except 与 except for 在用法上的区别,有人说否定句用单独的 except,肯定句则用 except for,不过同一含义若将否定字换去,而改用别的说法时,也就算是肯定了,例如:
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She has nothing on except a Bikini suit.(她除了三点式泳装以外,什么也没有穿。)
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She is naked except for a Bikini suit.(她除了三点式泳装以外是裸体的。)
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He has no clothing except a loin-cloth.(他除了一个围腰外没有穿衣服。)
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He is naked except for a loin-cloth.(他除了一个围腰外是裸体的。)
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This book has no blunders except a few mistakes.(这本书除了一点小错之外没有大错。)
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This book is interesting except for a few blunders.(这本书除了有些错误之外,是很有趣味的。)
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不过这种区别并不够分明,最显著的是:前后有相称的同类语时就用 except,否则用 except for,例如:
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We come to school every day except Sunday.(我们除星期天外天天到校上课。)句中 every day 与 Sunday 为相称的同类语。
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They all went there except me.(他们都到那里去了,只有我没有去。)句中 they 与 me 为相称的同类语。
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I looked everywhere except in the bathroom.(除浴室外我什么地方都看过了。)句中 everywhere 与 in the bathroom 为相称的同类语。
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Lionhead Hill has nothing to see except its old temples.(狮头山除古庙外没有什么可看的。)句中 nothing to see 与 its old temples 为相称的同类语,如改说成 Lionhead Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.(狮头山除古庙外没有值得看的。)句中 not worth seeing 与 its old temples 不相称,非同类语,所以要用 except for.又如:
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The dress is ready except for the buttons.(衣服全做好了,只差钮扣未缝。)句中 ready 与 the buttons 不相称,非同类语。
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The purse was empty except for some coppers.(钱包是空的,只有几个铜板。)句中 empty 与 coppers 不相称,非同类语。
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Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.(你的作文除有几个字拼错外,其余都很好。)句中 very good 与 a few spelling mistakes 不相称,非同类语。
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凡用“except for+单字或片语”的句子,都可以改为“except that+子句”,如:
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This will do except for the length.= This will do except that it is too long.(这很好,只是长一点。)
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It is right except for the omission of the accents.= It is right except that the accents are omitted.(除了未标重音外,一切都对。)
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至于 excepting 一字,则只用于句首,或用于 not, without, always 字样之后,如:
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Excepting his son, they are all right.(除了他儿子以外,他们都平安。)
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Excepting Sundays the stores are open daily.(除星期日外,商店每天都开门。)
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All my brothers are married, not excepting the youngest.(所有我的兄弟都结婚了,连最小的一个也是。)
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All my brothers come here every day, always excepting the youngest.(所有我的兄弟每天都来这里,除了最小的一个以外。)
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