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英文的惯用句中有时在 what 后接 with 或是接 by，不知应怎样翻译，二者有何不同？
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【解答】这种形式的 what 是一个副词，含有 partly（部分地）的意义，与 with 结合时表示“原因”，与 by 结合时则表示“手段”或“方法”。普通是在一句中重复地使用，但有时也可以把第二次要用的略去，于义无损，读者也明白是省略了的。
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What with overwork and （what with） poor meals， she became very ill.（她因过劳，又吃得不好，终于病倒了。）
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What with good medical care and （what with） his natural strength，he recovered very quickly.（一则因有好的医药照顾，一则因为他自己的体力很强，所以他很快地就复原了。）
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What with chagrin and what with bad diet， she found herself reduced to a skeleton.（半因心中懊恼，半因营养缺乏，她觉得自己瘦得不成人形了。）
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What with his studies and what with his sports， the school-boy has no time left for idle thoughts.（半以功课，半以运动，使学生无暇作怠惰的想法。）
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In less than a minute the storm was upon us——in less than two minutes the sky was entirely overcast and what with this and the driving spray it became suddenly so dark that we could not see each other in the fishing boat.（不到一分钟暴风雨就向我们袭来了——随即乌云蔽天，半因昏黑，半因溅水，突然一下黑暗得使我们在渔船上彼此都看不见人了。）
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What by bribes and what by extortions he made money.（或由贿赂，或由勒索，他发了财。）
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What by policy and what by force he finally accomplished his design.（或由策略，或用暴力，他终于完成了他的阴谋。）
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这个 What with…and what with 有时可以换成 What between…and…例如：
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What with drink and what with fright， he did not know much about the facts.= What between drink and fright， he did not know much about the facts.（半因酒醉，半因恐惧，他对于事实的真相所知不多。）
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英文疑难详解 133．There is something vulgar about him
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There is something vulgar about him.一句，应如何译法？尤其是句中 about 一字的含义及用法，请为详细说明。
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【解答】这句英文可译作“他有点俗气”。句中的 about 有 in 或 with 之意，中文可译成“在某人身上（边）”。介词 about 的基本意义是“在周围”，由这个意义而发展成为“在某人身边”，再进而有“在某人身上”。我们先将那基本意义举例来看：
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She looked about her in surprise.（她惊异地环顾四周。）
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He had a comforter about his neck.（他在颈上围绕着一条毛线织的围巾。）
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He planted trees about the house.（他种树于屋的四周。）
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进一步而用于“在某人身边”的意义：
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I don’t have any change about （=with） me.（我身边没有一个零钱。）
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This is all he had about him.（这是他所带着的全部财物。）
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由这种有形的周遭（身边），再进而用于无形的方面（身上），而发展成下面的说法：
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There is something noble about him.（他有点高贵的气概。）
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There is something about him that displeases me.（他有点什么地方使我很不喜欢他。）
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