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Simeon Potter 在他著的 Our Language 中说, Such language was certainly effective in his day when he held large congregations as by a spell. 请说明 as by,以及其他 as against, as concerning, as from, as of 等等的用法。
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【解答】这些都可以把它看作 Group-preposition 的一种,因为是在介词 as 后再接用另外一个介词的缘故。这是用 as 来限制后接的另一介词的意义的。兹分别例解如下:
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(1)as against(对比则为):
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The business done this year amounts to ten thousand dollars as against eight thousand dollars last year. (今年生意的总数为一万元,去年则为八千元。)
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(2)as by(如由):
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Though the Ghost sat perfectly motionless, its hair, and skirts, and tasseles, were still agitated as by the hot vapour from an oven.—— Dickens(虽则那鬼坐着一动也不动,可是它的头发,衣裾,以及饰缝,仍然好像是被锅炉中发出的热汽所激动似的不断地在摇摆着。)
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(3)as concerning=as touching(关于):
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As touching the subject of our conversation, I should like to keep a secret.(关于我们谈话的内容,我想暂守秘密。)
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As concerning their retired allowance, they are rather anxious about it.(关于他们的退休金,他们是很关怀的。)
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(4)as from=(美)as of(从……月开始或废止)(on and after)主要用于法律、契约、公告等文件上:
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The library will be open to the public as from15March,1968.(图书馆将在一九六八年三月十五日起开放。)
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(5)as of(美)(在当时的):
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the U. S. Cabinet as of Sep.1,1958(在一九五八年九月一日当时的美国内阁)
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The editor has brought the material up to date as of May,1968.(编辑把资料弄成直到一九六八年五月那时为止。)
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又 as of=(英)as from(从……开始)。
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英文疑难详解 136.know of him 和 know him
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英文的许多动词可作他动词用,同时又可作自动词用,尤其是加介词 of 而变成自动词用法的特别多,请就 I know him.与 I know of him.一类型的句子,分别说明。
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【解答】这个介词 of 和 about 相同,有“关于”(concerning)的意思,日常用得极多,如 know of,hear of,read of,talk of,speak of 等,现在分别加以说明如下:
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I know him.(我认识他。)
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I know of him.(我知道他。)
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I know of him, of course; but I don’t know him.(我当然知道他,不过我不认识他。)
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第一句是“直接的,个人之间的相知”,第二句是“间接的,只在报纸上知道的”。第三句比较用法,分别更为显明。这样加上 of 在动词后,使动作对宾语的直接性变得稀薄,而只有间接的作用了。
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I read the book.(我读了那本书。)
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